DNA & RNA

Question 1

Do DNA and RNA have a basic or acidic character?

Answer 1

Acidic.

Question 2

DNA is located in which two areas

Answer 2

The nucleus and mitochondria

Question 3

RNA is located in which two areas

Answer 3

The nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 4

Nucleotides contain which three groups

Answer 4

Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and pentose sugar

Question 5

Which component of the nucleic acid gives it the acidic property?

Answer 5

The phosphate group

Question 6

The phosphate group contains how many phosphates

Answer 6

1-3

Nucleotide monophosphate, diphosphate, or triphosphate.

Question 7

Pentose sugar. What are each carbon attached to? 
C 1'
C 2'
C 3'
C 5'

Answer 7

C 1’ - Attached to nitrogenous base
C 2’ - Attached to either a hydrogen (DNA) or hydroxyl group (RNA)
C 3’ - Attached to a hydroxyl group
C 5’ - Attached to the phosphate

Question 8

List the purines and how many rings are in their structures?

Answer 8

Double ring structure. A and G

Question 9

List the pyrimidines and how many rings are in their structures?

Answer 9

Single ring structure. T, C, and U

Question 10

What does uracil bind with

Answer 10

A. Replaces T in RNA.

Question 11

Coenzymes

Answer 11

Organic compounds necessary for enzymes to function

Question 12

Component of coenzymes

Answer 12

NAD+, FAD, NADPH, and coenzyme A

Question 13

Which four categories represent the functions of nucleotides

Answer 13

Building blocks of DNA and RNA.
Components of coenzymes
Second messengers
Energy source for biosynthetic reactions (ATP and ADP predominantly)

Question 14

Nucleotides under ____ reactions to form nucleic acids. This is carried out by ____.

Answer 14

Condensation. In order to join nucleotides together, water is released. (This is a type of dehydration reaction). Carried out by DNA or RNA polymerase.

Question 15

DNA and RNA polymerase can only catalyze the addition of a nucleotide to the ___ carbon

Answer 15

3’

Question 16

Basses of nucleic acids are read in which direction?

Answer 16

In the 5’–> 3’ direction. Because polymerase can only add a new nucleotide to the 3’ end.

Question 17

Which components of the nucleotide are hydrophilic? Hydrophobic?

Answer 17

The sugars and phosphate groups are hydrophilic. The nitrogenous bases are hydrophobic, which is why they face inward, away from water.

Question 18

How many hydrogen bonds does each pair have?

1. A and T
2. G and C
3. U and A

Answer 18

1. 2 (weaker)
2. 3
3. 2 (weaker)

Question 19

The double helix wraps around histones to form

Answer 19

Nucleosomes

Question 20

Nucleosomes

Answer 20

DNA wrapped around histones

Question 21

Nucleosomes grouped together forms

Answer 21

A chromatin fiber

Question 22

Chromatin fiber

Answer 22

Nucleosomes grouped together

Question 23

When does chromatin condense to form chromosomes?

Answer 23

During DNA replication

Question 24

How do the pentose sugars of DNA and RNA differ?

Answer 24

DNA has an H at the 2’ carbon and RNA has an OH at the 2’ carbon.

H is less reactive than OH, making DNA a more stable molecule and less chemically reactive.