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Molec Lab > DNA & RNA > Flashcards

DNA & RNA Flashcards

1
Q

describes the transfer of genetic information within a cell

A

Central dogma

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2
Q

True or False

DNA is used as a template for RNA synthesis

A

True

DNA->RNA-> Proteins

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3
Q

Process of DNA to RNA

A

Transcription

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4
Q

Process of RNA to Protein

A

Translation

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5
Q

One strand of DNA is copied into mRNA by

A

RNA Polymerase II

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6
Q

3 components of Nucleotide

A

Nitrogenous bases, 5-carbon sugars and phosphate groups

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7
Q

Nitrogenous bases

A

purines and pyrimidines

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8
Q

True or False:

Purines have single ring and include Cytosine, Thymine & Uracil

A

False
Purines have double ring and include Adenine and Guanine
(True:Pyrimidine)

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9
Q

ACGT

A

DNA

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10
Q

4 types of nitrogenous bases in RNA

A

ACGU

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11
Q

RNA contains

A

ribose sugar, OH groups bound to its 2’ and 5’ carbon

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12
Q

True or False

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and identical to RNA except that OH has been replaced with H atom

A

True

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13
Q

Phosphate group in the nucleotide is attached to?

A

the 5’ carbon of the sugar by phosphoester bond

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14
Q

Nitrogenous base of the nucleotide is attached to

A

carbon number 1

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15
Q

Complementary base pairing in DNA

A

A-T
C-G
(A-U in RNA)

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16
Q

Ture or False:

Hydrogen bonds binds the complementary base

A

True
2 hydrogen bonds form AT
3 hydrogen bonds form CG

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17
Q

True or False:

The two strands of the DNA are antiparallel

A

True

One strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction, whereas the opposite strand goes from 3’ to 5’

18
Q

How many chromosomes in human nucleus?

A

46 chromosomes

19
Q

Two types of chromosomes

A

Sex

Somatic

20
Q

True or False:
XX-Male
XY-Female

A

False
XX-Female
XY-Male

21
Q

Coding parts of a gene are called

A

Exons as in “expressed sequence”

22
Q

Noncoding regions of a gene are called

A

Introns as in “intervening sequences”

23
Q

Refers to the variant forms of gene

A

Allele

24
Q

_______ codes for the trait

A

Genes

25
Q

How many chromosomes fo human have?

A

46 chromosomes: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father

26
Q

specific location of a gene that codes for the trait

A

Locus

27
Q

True or False:

Plasmids replicate independently of the chromosome in cells

A

True.

28
Q

These are extrachromosomal DNA containing nonessential genetic information

A

Plasmids

29
Q

Denaturation can be accomplished through

A

heating or chemicals

30
Q

True or False:

As DNA denatures, its absorbance increases

A

True

It is because of the fact that nucleotide sequences is composed of aromatic rings which absorbs light in UV range

31
Q

All bases of DNA have strong absorbance at ____nm

A

260 nm

32
Q

True or False:

The decrease in temperature brings about annealing

A

True

33
Q

Association of denatured DNA to native dsDNA

A

Annealing or Renaturation

34
Q

It is the process in which genetic information is transferred from parent to daughter cells

A

DNA replication

35
Q

The synthesis of each nucleotide chain only occurs in what direction?

A

5’ to 3’ direction

36
Q

What strand produces okazaki fragments?

A

Lagging strand

37
Q

In DNA replication, what enzyme unwinds the doubles stranded DNA?

A

Helicase in prokaryotes

Topoisomerase in eukaryotes

38
Q

Polymerization of DNA is catalyzed by enzymes called

A

DNA polymerases

39
Q

Types of RNA

A

Ribosomal RNA
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Small nuclear RNA

40
Q

This type of RNA brings the appropriate amino acid

A

Transfer RNA

41
Q

This type of RNA is involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins

A

Ribosomal RNA

42
Q

This type of RNA is involved in removal of introns and small and micro RNAs

A

Small nuclear RNA

Molec Lab (6 decks)

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