DNA & RNA Flashcards
describes the transfer of genetic information within a cell
Central dogma
True or False
DNA is used as a template for RNA synthesis
True
DNA->RNA-> Proteins
Process of DNA to RNA
Transcription
Process of RNA to Protein
Translation
One strand of DNA is copied into mRNA by
RNA Polymerase II
3 components of Nucleotide
Nitrogenous bases, 5-carbon sugars and phosphate groups
Nitrogenous bases
purines and pyrimidines
True or False:
Purines have single ring and include Cytosine, Thymine & Uracil
False
Purines have double ring and include Adenine and Guanine
(True:Pyrimidine)
ACGT
DNA
4 types of nitrogenous bases in RNA
ACGU
RNA contains
ribose sugar, OH groups bound to its 2’ and 5’ carbon
True or False
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and identical to RNA except that OH has been replaced with H atom
True
Phosphate group in the nucleotide is attached to?
the 5’ carbon of the sugar by phosphoester bond
Nitrogenous base of the nucleotide is attached to
carbon number 1
Complementary base pairing in DNA
A-T
C-G
(A-U in RNA)
Ture or False:
Hydrogen bonds binds the complementary base
True
2 hydrogen bonds form AT
3 hydrogen bonds form CG
True or False:
The two strands of the DNA are antiparallel
True
One strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction, whereas the opposite strand goes from 3’ to 5’
How many chromosomes in human nucleus?
46 chromosomes
Two types of chromosomes
Sex
Somatic
True or False:
XX-Male
XY-Female
False
XX-Female
XY-Male
Coding parts of a gene are called
Exons as in “expressed sequence”
Noncoding regions of a gene are called
Introns as in “intervening sequences”
Refers to the variant forms of gene
Allele
_______ codes for the trait
Genes
How many chromosomes fo human have?
46 chromosomes: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father
specific location of a gene that codes for the trait
Locus
True or False:
Plasmids replicate independently of the chromosome in cells
True.
These are extrachromosomal DNA containing nonessential genetic information
Plasmids
Denaturation can be accomplished through
heating or chemicals
True or False:
As DNA denatures, its absorbance increases
True
It is because of the fact that nucleotide sequences is composed of aromatic rings which absorbs light in UV range
All bases of DNA have strong absorbance at ____nm
260 nm
True or False:
The decrease in temperature brings about annealing
True
Association of denatured DNA to native dsDNA
Annealing or Renaturation
It is the process in which genetic information is transferred from parent to daughter cells
DNA replication
The synthesis of each nucleotide chain only occurs in what direction?
5’ to 3’ direction
What strand produces okazaki fragments?
Lagging strand
In DNA replication, what enzyme unwinds the doubles stranded DNA?
Helicase in prokaryotes
Topoisomerase in eukaryotes
Polymerization of DNA is catalyzed by enzymes called
DNA polymerases
Types of RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Small nuclear RNA
This type of RNA brings the appropriate amino acid
Transfer RNA
This type of RNA is involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins
Ribosomal RNA
This type of RNA is involved in removal of introns and small and micro RNAs
Small nuclear RNA
