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Biology > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the bond between amino acids

A

Peptide

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2
Q

What additional bond gives secondary structures their shape?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

What is the main shape formed using secondary structure?

A

Helix

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4
Q

Why is DNA replication important?

A

Ensures that each new cell receives a full set of chromosomes and therefore no genetic information will have been lost

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5
Q

Describe what is meant by the primary structure of proteins

A

Order of amino acids

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6
Q

Which two enzymes are involved in DNA replication?

A

DNA Polymerase and lipase

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7
Q

What is needed to start DNA replication?

A

RNA Primer

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8
Q

What end of a DNA strand can DNA polymerase add free complimentary DNA nucleotides to?

A

3’ end

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9
Q

What is the leading strand?

A

A strand of DNA being replicated continuously

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10
Q

How is the lagging strand replicated?

A

In fragments

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11
Q

What are the fragments in the lagging strand joined together by?

A

Ligase

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12
Q

What is mRNA’s job?

A

Carries genetic code from DNA in nucleus to ribosome

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13
Q

What does rRNA and protein form?

A

Ribosome

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14
Q

What is tRNA’s job?

A

Carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome

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15
Q

What is a cell’s genotype determined by?

A

The proteins that are synthesised when genes are expressed

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16
Q

What does DNA polymerase control on the leading strand?

A

Sugar phosphate bonding between nucleotides

17
Q

What is a primer?

A

A short strand of complimentary nucleotides formed at 3’ end of parental DNA strand

18
Q

What is it called when replication results in two new DNS molecules? Why is it called this?

A

Semi conservative replication

Each new DNA molecule receives one strand of original parent molecule

19
Q

What are 5 things needed to start DNA replication?

A 
DNA (acts as template for new molecule)
RNA primer
Supply of DNA nucleotides
Appropriate enzymes
DNA polymerase and lipase
20
Q

What unwinds the parental double helix?

A

Helicases

21
Q

What stabilises the unwound parental DNA?

A

Single strand binding proteins

22
Q

What direction is the leading strand synthesised in?

A

5’>3’

23
Q

How is an Okazaki fragment formed?

A

Primate synthesises short RNA primer which is extended by DNA polymerase to form an Okazaki fragment

24
Q

What happens after the RNA primer is replaced by DNA?

A

DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragment to the growing strand

25
Q

What is a cell’s genotype determined by?

A

Sequence of the DNA bases in its genetic code

26
Q

What is a cell’s phenotype determined by?

A

Proteins that are synthesised when genes are expressed

Biology (19 decks)

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