DNA Replication

Question 1

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 1

DNA replication typically occurs in Mitosis and Meiosis. It’s when cells divide to create daughter cells.

Before this occurs,
their DNA must
replicate during the
INTERPHASE

Question 2

How does DNA replicate?

Answer 2

DNA replicates via the Semi-Conservative method.

It’s when the double stranded DNA splits, and one strand goes to each new cell, a new strand is
made

Question 3

What are all of the enzymes involved in DNA replication (in order)?

Answer 3

Gyrase
Helicase
SSBP’s
DNA Polymerase III
Primase
RNA Primers
Ligase
DNA Polymerase I

Question 4

What is the Process of DNA Replication?

Answer 4

It all begins with the Template Strands.

The template strands get unraveled from the Gyrase. This straightens out the DNA coil making it easier for separation.

Helicase then acts as a zipper and separates the two strands from eachother. SSBPs bind to the exposed nucleotides, preventing the nucleotides form bonding and reverting to their original position.

Polymerase III then begins to run in the 5’-3’ direction, copying the original DNA and pasting it making a new ‘Daughter’ strand.

Polymerase III builds in a continuous stretch called the leading strand, in the case that there are Okazaki Fragments (lagging strands), RNA is needed.

Before RNA Primer could be laid down, Primase is placed as a flag where the starting point of the primer will be. RNA Primer is then placed down as a fragment, allowing Polymerase III to copy the region and paste it in the daughter strand.

Because the lagging strand is fragmented, Ligase is used to fill in the gaps and ensure everything is smooth and connected throughout.

Polymerase I is then used to remove the RNA Primer and is replaced with DNA, essentially completing the replication process.