Carbohydrates Flashcards
U1L4
What is a Carbohydrate?
Carbohydrates are sugars basically.
The simplest Carbohydrate is Glucose and it is produced by plants.
The ration is always 1C:2H:1O
How are Carbons counted on a ring (saccharide)?
Carbons are counted Clockwise from 1 to 6.
What is Fructose?
Fructose is a Monosaccharide which is found in fruits and honey.
It has the same formula as Glucose but it’s structure is different, making it an Isomer.
What is Galactose?
Galactose is the identifying molecule between human blood types A and B.
They only differ from Blood Type O by the presence of an
additional monosaccharide,
N-acetylgalactosamine for
type A and galactose for
type B.
What are the two types of Glucoses?
Alpha Glucose and Beta Glucose
What separates Alpha from Beta Glucoses?
In an Alpha Glucose, the OH group is below.
In a Beta Glucose, the OH group is above.
How to two monosaccharides bind?
Two monosaccharides conjoin to form a disaccharide (via condensation).
This forms a glycosidic link.
What is Sucrose?
Sucrose is a disaccharide that is commonly known as ‘table sugar’.
It is commonly made in plants for the transportation in the Phloem
What are Polysaccharides?
Polysaccharides are monosaccharides linked in a long chain.
What’s a common example of a polysaccharide?
An example of polysaccharides in plants are starches.
Amylose starches form Alpha 1,4-glycosidic links.
Starches do NOT dissolve.
What are Amylopectins?
Amylopectin is a
combination of straight
chain 1,4 bonded
glucose
AND
1, 6 bonded glucose
which causes
branches to form
What’s Glycogen?
Glycogen is the surplus glucose that gets stored in the liver as a polysaccharide (glycogen).
It forms branches as well as straight chains.
1,6- links as well as 1,4-links are formed.
What’s Hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis is when water is readded to the molecule which breaks the linkages and splits disaccharides back into monosaccharides.
What’s Cellulose?
Cellulose are essentially Beta Glucoses that make up a straight chain (1,4-links).
Cellulose makes up cell walls in plants.
Cellulose is also commonly referred to as fiber in humans due to it being difficult to digest in humans.
