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Bio Module 2 > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

A

DNA polymerase catalyses the formation of a new polynucleotide chain

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2
Q

What is the role of DNA ligase?

A

DNA ligase joins together the short sections of the lagging strand

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3
Q

What is the role of Helicase in DNA replication?

A

Helicase separates the two DNA strands

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4
Q

What is the role of the single-stranded binding protein in DNA replication?

A

The single-stranded binding protein keeps the separated DNA strands apart during replication

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5
Q

How does DNA replicate?

A

DNA replicates semi-conservatively

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6
Q

True or false? The strands in a DNA molecule are parallel to one another.

A

False: the strands run Anti-parallel to each other

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7
Q

What is the name of the point where the two strands of DNA are separated?

A

The replication fork

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8
Q

What direction does the leading strand run?

A

5’ to 3’

The leading strand is replicated continuously

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9
Q

What direction does the lagging strand run?

A

3’ to 5’

The lagging strand is replicated discontinuously from 5’ to 3’

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10
Q

What is a phosphodiester bond?

A

It is the covalent bond that forms between the pentose sugar and the phosphate of different nucleotides

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11
Q

What is the role of DNA?

A

It codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein

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12
Q

What type of protein is DNA?

A

It is a fibrous protein and has a stable structure due to its sugar phosphate backbone

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13
Q

What is advantageous about DNA consisting of complementary base pairing?

A

It allows identical copies to be made easily

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14
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

rRNA = ribosomal RNA

tRNA = transfer RNA

mRNA = messenger RNA

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15
Q

What is mRNA?

A

It is a copy of a gene from DNA

It is able to leave the nucleus carrying the genetic code of a gene to a ribosome.

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16
Q

What is the role of tRNA?

A

It brings a specific amino acid to the ribosome. As the amino acid binds to the top of it.

17
Q

Why is DNA replication described as semi-conservative?

A

It is described as semi-conservative as one strand is conserved and one strand is created

18
Q

How may a mutation occur?

A

When a copying error in DNA replication occurs randomly

19
Q

What are the two stages of protein synthesis?

A

Transcription - where the DNA sequence for one gene is copied into mRNA

Translation - where the mRNA joins with a ribosome and a corresponding tRNA molecule brings the specific amino acid the codon codes for

20
Q

What are stop and start codons?

A

At the start of every gene there is a start codon which enables the ribosome to attach. At the end of every gene there are 3 bases which don’t code for an amino acid causing the ribosome to detach and end translation.

Bio Module 2 (9 decks)

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