DNA Mutations

Question 1

Carcinogens

Answer 1

cancer causing agents

Question 2

Spontaneous Mutation

Answer 2

mutations that occur without exposure to mutagenic agents

Question 3

Substitution

Answer 3

affects 1 base pair

Question 4

Silent Substitution

Answer 4

doesn’t change phenotype

Question 5

Missense Substitution

Answer 5

replace with different amino acid

Question 6

Conservative Missense

Answer 6

new and original amino acid have similar structures

Question 7

Non-Conservative Missense

Answer 7

new and original amino acid have different structures

Question 8

Nonsense Substitution

Answer 8

replace original amino acid with a stop codon

Question 9

Insertion Mutation

Answer 9

addition of nucleotides

Question 10

Deletion Mutation

Answer 10

deletion of nucleotides

Question 11

Point Mutation

Answer 11

change in one nucleotide

Question 12

Loss of Function Mutation

Answer 12

prevent protein from carrying out a specific function

Question 13

Gain of Function Mutation

Answer 13

cause a protein to take on a new function it didn’t have before the mutation

Question 14

Chromosomal Deletion

Answer 14

removal of a segment of genes on a chromosome

Question 15

Chromosomal Duplication

Answer 15

segment of chromosome is copied

Question 16

Chromosomal Inversion

Answer 16

reversal of segment

Question 17

Chromosomal Translocation

Answer 17

genetic material from 1 chromosome is exchanged with genetic material from another

Question 18

Chromosomal Insertion

Answer 18

1 way transfer

Question 19

Chromosomal Transposition

Answer 19

includes transposons which are genetic elements that can initiate their own movement from chromosome to chromosome