DNA, Genes, Genomes Flashcards
DNA is made up of what 3 parts
Deoxyribose
Phosphate
Base
4 bases
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Which protein
- Replicates DNA
- Transcribes DNA
- DNA pol
2. RNA pol
Chromosomes are found in specific territories called
Topologically associating domains (TADs)
Types of Non-coding DNA
Introns
Regions transcribed into non-coding functional RNAs
Replication origins
Structural components of chromosomes
A gene includes
All of the DNA sequences required for generation, processing, stabilization, and translation of a particular RNA transcript
The entire nucleic acid sequence that is necessary for the synthesis of a functional polypeptide
Core promoter
Binding site for RNA polymerase II
Upstream of transcription start site
Proximal promoter
Binding sites for transcription activators that promote the binding of RNA pol II to the core promoter
Enhancer
Binding site for transcription activators that promote the binding of RNA pol II to the core promoter
Can be far away though unlike proximal promoter
Co-activators
Activators interact with these to recruit RNAP II
2 enzymes that disrupt chromatin structure
Histone acetyltransferases
Chromatin remodelling complexes
Repressors
Recruit enzymes that strengthen chromatin structure
Housekeeping genes
Genes that are expressed in all cells because they provide basic functions needed for sustenance of all cell types
Activated by housekeeping activators
Regulated genes
Genes that are turned on or off in specific tissues or in specific conditions
Regulated by regulated activators
How are transcription activators regulaed
Regulation of activator abundance, localization, or interaction with co-activators
