Autonomic Control of Body Systems Flashcards
The autonomic system controls…
Involuntary visceral body functions
Ex: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands
2 divisions of ANS
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic nerves leave which region of the spine
Thoracolumbar
T1 to L2
Leave with the somatic nerves, but do different functions
Short preganglionic nerves
Parasympathetic nerves leave which region of the spinal cord
Craniosacral
Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 and 10 mainly, and S2, 3, 4
Long preganglionic nerves
2 major control and integration centers of the ANS
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
3 major components of each division of the ANS
Afferent
CNS
Efferent
Some examples of autonomic afferents
Baroreceptors Chemoreceptors Thermoreceptors Stretch-activated receptors Mechanoreceptors Pain fibers Osmoreceptors
Preganglionic nerves release which NT?
Acetylcholine
Postganglionic nerves of the
1. Sympathetic
2. Parasympathetic
generally release which NT?
- NE
2. Ach
Collateral ganglion
Ganglia that are located between the sympathetic trunk and the target organ
How is the adrenal medulla different?
Preganglionic sympathetic nerve acts directly, released Ach
Adrenal cells make the epinephrine and release it into the blood
What postganglionic NT is released in the sweat glands and blood vessels?
ACh
Sympathetic NS
- Preganglionic stimulates what receptors
- Postganglionic stimulates what receptors
- Nicotinic
2. Alpha1, beta1 and 2 adrenergic receptors
Parasympathetic NS
- Preganglionic stimulates what receptors
- Postganglionic stimulates what receptors
- Nicotinic
2. Muscarinic ACh
Myenteric plexus
Controls GI tract motility
Between longitudinal and circular muscle layers
Submucosal plexus
Controls smooth muscle in the mucosa and glandular secretions
Between submucosal and muscularis mucosae
Baroreceptors
Sense an increase in the stretch of our blood vessels from high BP
Located in carotid sinus (more) and aortic arch
If stretch is sensed in the
1. Carotid sinus
2. Aortic arch
Which nerve will it go through?
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus nerve
Both then go to medulla oblongata
