Cell Division and Neoplasia

Question 1

2 classes of “cancer” genes

Answer 1

Oncogenes

Tumour suppressor genes

Question 2

3 small changes mutations

Answer 2

Point mutations
Micro-deletions
Methylation errors

Question 3

4 big changes mutations

Answer 3

Translocations
Large deletions
Gene amplification
Chromosomal duplication

Question 4

Oncogenes code for proteins such as… (5)

Answer 4

Growth factors
Growth factor receptors
Signal transduction proteins
Nuclear regulators
Cell cycle regulators

Question 5

How many mutations in an oncogene do you need for it to be detrimental?

Answer 5

One

First mutation causes accelerated cell division

Question 6

Two types of TSGs

Answer 6

Gatekeepers: prevent abnormal proliferation of cells and promote cell death
Caretakers: maintain genomic stability

Question 7

How many mutations in a TSG do you need for it to be detrimental?

Answer 7

Two
First mutation makes the cell a susceptible carrier
Second mutation or loss promotes cancer

Question 8

3 clues to identify hereditary cancer syndromes

Answer 8

Young age of onset of cancer
Family history
Multiple tumors

Question 9

If oncogenes are activated you get…

Answer 9

Increased population growth

Question 10

If tumour suppressor genes are activated you get… (3)

Answer 10

Loss of population control
Loss of apoptotic control
Loss of repair capacity