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Cells and Chemistry > DNA Duplication and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

DNA Duplication and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of DNA and RNA?

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

The structure of a nucleotide consists of ____ ____, ____ _____ & _____

A

Phosphate group, Pentose sugar and a base

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3
Q

In DNA, what are the names of the bases? and which pair which which?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine.

A & T, G & C.

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4
Q

In DNA, the nucleotide links together to form two strands. What are the two strands held together by?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

How many strands does RNA have?

A

One.

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6
Q

What does DNA and RNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribose nucleic acid and Ribose nucleic acid

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7
Q

Instead of Thymine, which base does RNA have?

A

Uracil

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) & Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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9
Q

How many chromosomes does a human have?

A

46

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10
Q

Describe the process of DNA replication

A
  1. Enzymes break weak H bonds between the bases in the molecules. “unzipping” leaving the bases exposed
  2. Free DNA nucleotides base-pair with the exposed bases, an enzyme links the nucleotides together.
  3. Two ‘new’ molecules are synthesized, with each molecule being identical to the original molecule
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11
Q

Mitosis is a type of cell division which is essential for?

A

Producing new cells, repairing damaged parts of the body & replacement of cells

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12
Q

Interphase and mitotic phase are?

A

The two main phases of somatic cell division

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13
Q

During interphase ____ is replicated, while during mitosis the ___ divides.

A

DNA, cell

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14
Q

What is it called when a segment of DNA unravels and mRNA forms against the DNA template?

A

Transcription

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15
Q

mRNA read by ____ on rough ____ _____ is called?

A

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, translation

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16
Q

What is a codon?

A

A sequence of 3 DNA or RNA nucleotides that correspond with a specific amino acid

17
Q

What is the role of tRNA?

A

To move/transport

18
Q

Outline the secretion of proteins from cells

A
  1. DNA unravels and mRNA forms against DNA template
  2. mRNA emerges from the nucleus via pores
  3. mRNA read by ribosome on the RER.
  4. Protein moves through RER and then to the Golgi body
  5. Golgi body forms secretory vesicles containing protein to be secreted
  6. Secretory vesicles secrete the contents into extracellular fluid outside the cell membrane

Cells and Chemistry (13 decks)

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