DNA Duplication and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is the basic unit of DNA and RNA?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

The structure of a nucleotide consists of ____ ____, ____ _____ & _____

Answer 2

Phosphate group, Pentose sugar and a base

Question 3

In DNA, what are the names of the bases? and which pair which which?

Answer 3

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine.

A & T, G & C.

Question 4

In DNA, the nucleotide links together to form two strands. What are the two strands held together by?

Answer 4

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 5

How many strands does RNA have?

Answer 5

One.

Question 6

What does DNA and RNA stand for?

Answer 6

Deoxyribose nucleic acid and Ribose nucleic acid

Question 7

Instead of Thymine, which base does RNA have?

Answer 7

Uracil

Question 8

What are the 3 types of RNA?

Answer 8

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) & Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 9

How many chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 9

46

Question 10

Describe the process of DNA replication

Answer 10

1. Enzymes break weak H bonds between the bases in the molecules. “unzipping” leaving the bases exposed
2. Free DNA nucleotides base-pair with the exposed bases, an enzyme links the nucleotides together.
3. Two ‘new’ molecules are synthesized, with each molecule being identical to the original molecule

Question 11

Mitosis is a type of cell division which is essential for?

Answer 11

Producing new cells, repairing damaged parts of the body & replacement of cells

Question 12

Interphase and mitotic phase are?

Answer 12

The two main phases of somatic cell division

Question 13

During interphase ____ is replicated, while during mitosis the ___ divides.

Answer 13

DNA, cell

Question 14

What is it called when a segment of DNA unravels and mRNA forms against the DNA template?

Answer 14

Transcription

Question 15

mRNA read by ____ on rough ____ _____ is called?

Answer 15

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, translation

Question 16

What is a codon?

Answer 16

A sequence of 3 DNA or RNA nucleotides that correspond with a specific amino acid

Question 17

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 17

To move/transport

Question 18

Outline the secretion of proteins from cells

Answer 18

1. DNA unravels and mRNA forms against DNA template
2. mRNA emerges from the nucleus via pores
3. mRNA read by ribosome on the RER.
4. Protein moves through RER and then to the Golgi body
5. Golgi body forms secretory vesicles containing protein to be secreted
6. Secretory vesicles secrete the contents into extracellular fluid outside the cell membrane