DNA and the production of proteins Flashcards
Where is DNA stored?
In the nucleus of every cell
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is DNA?
DNA is the hereditary material in human and almost all other organisms
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
A double helix
What does DNA contains?
DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell
What is each strand of DNA made of?
Repeating units called nucleotides
The two strands are?
antiparallel
What are the four bases of DNA?
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
What does Adenine join to?
Thymine
What does Guanine join to?
Cytosine
What are the pairs of bases known as?
Complimentary base pairs
How do the bases attract each other?
Because of the hydrogen bonds
What are hydrogen bonds?
They are weak but there are million and millions of them in a single molecule of DNA
What codes for a particular protien?
It is the order of bases which codes for the particular protien
What are chromosomes?
chromosomes are threadlike structures composed of genes found inside the nucleus or plant and animal
cell
What is DNA composed of?
DNA is composed of millions of nucleotides joined together
What is a Gene?
Gene is a section of DNA which codes for a protien
What does each gene have?
Each gene has a speicific base sequence made of hundreds or thousands of nucleotides
How many bases code for one amino acid?
Three bases code for one amino acids
What are the three bases that code for one amino acid called?
the triplet code
What is a nucleotide?
The molecules which composes the DNA
What is Messenger RNA (mRNA)?
Messenger RNA is a molecule whic carries a complementary copy of the gentic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome, where the protien is assembled from amino acids
List the four ways mRNA differes from DNA:
- single stranded instead od double stranded
- uracil instead of Thymine (AUGC)
- Ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar
- It can pass out of the nucleus through pores and travel to the ribosomes where as DNA is too large to do so
What does the sequence of amino acid determinate?
The shape of a consequence the function of the protien
