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biology > DNA and the production of proteins > Flashcards

DNA and the production of proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

where are chromosomes found?

A

nucleus

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2
Q

what do chromosomes contain?

A

genetic information

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3
Q

what chemical are chromosomes made from?

A

DNA

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4
Q

what is the function of DNA?

A

carries the genetic information for making proteins

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5
Q

what is a gene?

A

a section of DNA which codes for a specific protein

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6
Q

what is the structure of DNA?

A
  • DNA is made up of two strands which coil together to form a double helix
  • the two strands of DNA are are held together by complementary base pairs
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7
Q

what are complementary bases?

A

the four bases which make up the genetic code/information for making proteins

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8
Q

what are the complementary base pairs?

A

A-T
G-C

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9
Q

what does A stand for?

A

adenine

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10
Q

what does T stand for?

A

thymine

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11
Q

what does G stand for?

A

guanine

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12
Q

what does C stand for?

A

cytosine

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13
Q

what are proteins made up of?

A

amino acids

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14
Q

what sequence does each protein have?

A

its own sequence of amino acids

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15
Q

what does the sequence of amino acids determine?

A

the sequence of amino acids determines the structure and functions of the protein

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16
Q

how many bases is needed for one amino acid?

A

3 bases code for 1 amino acid

17
Q

what are the differences between DNA and mRNA?

A

DNA :
* double stranded molecule
* found in nucleus

mRNA :
* single stranded molecule
* found in cytoplasm

18
Q

why is the sequence of bases important in the production of proteins?

A

the sequence of bases determines the sequence of amino acids which determines the shape and function of the protein

19
Q

producing proteins, stage 1: nucleus

A

double stranded DNA is converted into a single stranded copy called messenger RNA

20
Q

what is the function of mRNA?

A

takes a complementary copy of DNA code from nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

21
Q

producing proteins, stage 2: ribosome

A
  • mRNA attaches onto ribosome
  • depending on base sequence, a specific amino acid sequence is created
  • the amino acids assemble at the ribosome to form a specific protein
  • mRNA base sequence-> amino acid sequence-> specific protein

biology (24 decks)

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