DNA and RNA (Chapter 10)

Question 1

Genetic Material Must:

Answer 1

1. Contain, in a stable form, the information about an organism’s cell structure, function, development, and reproduction
2. Be able to be expressed
   - expressed: how we use the information
3. Replicate accurately so that the progeny cells have the same information as the parent cells.
4. Be capable of change
   - without change, organisms are incapable of variation and adaptation.

Question 2

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

Ribonucleic Acid

Answer 3

RNA

Question 4

Have double stranded DNA as the genetic material

Answer 4

All known prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and a few viruses

Question 5

Any molecule that serves as the genetic material must have the following characteristics except:

a. the ability to be replicated
b. the ability to store information
c. the ability to directly influence the development of traits
d. the ability to express information
e. the potential to be changed via mutation

Answer 5

c. the ability to directly influence the development of traits

Question 6

• X-ray diffraction
• Chargaff’s Rule
• Known: polymer of nucleotides
• Knowledge of chemistry

Answer 6

Watson and Crick’s basis of designing a molecular structure of DNA

Question 7

Nitrogenous Base + 5 Carbon Sugar

RNA

Answer 7

Nucleoside

Question 8

Nitrogenous Base + 5 Carbon sugar + phosphate group

DNA

Answer 8

Nucleotide

Question 9

Bond between nitrogenous base and 5 carbon sugar

Answer 9

glycosidic bond

Question 10

where on the nucleoside indicates it will be part of RNA?

Answer 10

the OH/carbon 2’

Question 11

Has two OH groups on 5 Carbon sugar

Answer 11

RNA

Question 12

Has only one OH on 5 carbon sugar

Answer 12

DNA

Question 13

Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine

Answer 13

Pyrimidine Ring (smaller)

Question 14

Adenine, Guanine

Answer 14

Purine Ring (larger)

Question 15

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine

Answer 15

Nitrogenous bases

Question 16

States that there is a 1:1 Ratio of A:T and G:C
A=T
G=-(triple bond)C

Answer 16

Chargaff’s Rule

Question 17

Concluded that DNA is helical and that there are distinct regularities.

Answer 17

Franklin and Wilkins

Question 18

360 degree turn = 3.4 nm/ 34 angstroms
Between bases = .34nm/ 3.4 angstroms
total gives 10bps/turn

Answer 18

Periodicites

Question 19

5’–> 3’: forwards
3’–> 5’: backwards
3’ to 5’ phosphodiester bonds form the backbone

Answer 19

The Model

Question 20

• Formed because of the angle of the glycosidic bond

- Right handed double helix

Answer 20

Model of B-DNA

Question 21

Turns in right-handed direction no matter which end is being examined.

Answer 21

Right-Handed DNA

Question 22

Major groove vs. Minor groove

Answer 22

Proteins can recognize the shape of the bases/the bonding potentials
-proteins recognize the major groove rather than the minor groove because of its size.
Both wind along the length of the molecule in an alternating pattern

Question 23

In a polynucleotide, the individual nucleotides are linked by bonds between:

a. nitrogenous bases
b. sugar and phosphate
c. sugars
d. phosphates
e. nitrogenous base and sugar

Answer 23

b. sugar and phosphate

Question 24

Which of the following is not included in the Watson-Crick model of DNA structure?

a. It is composed of two strands
b. The two strands are held together by H bonds between nitrogenous bases.
c. The strands run parallel.
d. The resultant helix is right-handed

Answer 24

c. The strands run parallel.