DNA and RNA Flashcards
when phosphate groups in DNA create a negative charge, which attracts the DNA to the positively charged histone proteins
Nucleosome
twisted ladder shape
double helix
short segment of DNA synthesized discontinually in small segments by DNA polymerase
Okazaki fragment
enzyme that catalyzes the addition of appropriate nucleotides to the new DNA strand
DNA polymerase
smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to the ribosome
Transfer RNA
First step of central dogma synthesis of mRNA from DNA
Transcription
enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis
RNA polymerase
intervening coding sequence missing from the final mRNA
Intron
when parental strands separate, serve as templates, and produce DNA molecules that have one strand of parental DNA and one strand of new DNA
Semiconservative replication
nucleic acid similar to DNA but contains a sugar ribulose and is usually single stranded
RNA
type of RNA that associates with proteins to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA
where code is read and translated to make a protein
Translation
three- base code in DNA or mRNA
Codon
coding sequences that remain in mRNA
Exon
long strands of RNA nucleotides that are formed complementary to one strand of DNA
Messenger RNA
Substances that cause mutations
Mutagen
ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response the environment
Gene regulation
permanent change that occurs in a cell’s DNA
Mutation
Section of DNA that contains the genes for the proteins needed for a specific metabolic pathway
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Bio
life
chroma
pigmented
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cell
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two
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