Chapter 10 And 11 Study Guide

Question 0

The process during which genetic segments of DNA are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes

Answer 0

Crossing over

Question 1

Who was known as the “father” of genetics?

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

Mendel’s finding that the inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another became known as

Answer 2

Law of independent assortment

Question 3

The offspring of the P1 generation is called the what generation

Answer 3

F1

Question 4

A homozygous organism could have the genotypes

Answer 4

RR and rr

Question 5

Which genes are shown when heterozygous individuals show a blended intermediate phenotype

Answer 5

Incomplete dominance

Question 6

Genes seen when both alleles for a gene are expressed together side by side in heterozygous offspring

Answer 6

Codominance

Question 7

You cross a red flowering plant with a yellow flowering plant and all offspring have orange flowers. This is an example of what?

Answer 7

Incomplete dominance

Question 8

If two parents have dominant phenotypes and their children have a recessive phenotype, then both parents are most likely

Answer 8

heterozygous

Question 9

The genotype of an unknown dominant looking parent can be determined by a test cross with a _______ individual

Answer 9

homozygous recessive

Question 10

B is over b in guinea pigs. A heterozygous black G.P. is crossed with a homozygous white G.P.

Answer 10

Offspring genotypes- Bb and bb

% of white offspring- 50%

Question 11

An pure recessive organism could have the genotype

Answer 11

bb

Question 12

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its

Answer 12

genotype

Question 13

A homozygous dominant organism could have the genotype

Answer 13

SS

Question 14

Yellow (Y) is dominant over white (y). What is the cross between two heterozygous parents?

Answer 14

Yellow- 75%

White-25%

Question 15

Long whiskers (W) is dominant over short whiskers (w). If one parent is pure long whiskered and the other is short whiskered, what percent of offspring will have

Answer 15

short whiskered- 50%

long whiskered-50%

Question 16

One horn (H) is dominant over no horns (h). What is the cross between a hybrid one horned and a no horned?

Answer 16

One horn- 50%

No horns- 50%

Question 17

A green leafed plant is crossed with a yellow striped plant. All offspring are green leafed. Which color is dominant?

Answer 17

Green leaves

Question 18

When crossing two parents with the genotypes Gg, are they heterozygous or homozygous

Answer 18

heterzygous

Question 19

If you cross a pure homozygous dominant organism with anything how many offspring will show the dominant trait?

Answer 19

100%

Question 20

If you cross a hybrid with a hybrid,

Answer 20

75% will be dominant

25% recessive

Question 21

A cross between two dominant looking organisms and the offspring show a 3:1 ratio (3 dominant: 1 recessive) should tell you that

Answer 21

both parents are heterozygous

Question 22

A cross between pure dominant and a pure recessive parents and the offspring show an intermediate blended form of the trait, it should be a clue that

Answer 22

this trait is incompletely dominant

Question 23

I demand you to listen to All of Me by John Legend right now to give yourself a break. It will make everything better I promise…..

Answer 23

ok

Question 24

If you cross two different looking parents and only one of the traits shows up in the offspring, but returns in the next generation, it should be a clue that the trait is

Answer 24

completely dominant/recessive

Question 25

A heterozygous individual who doesn’t show a recessive genetic disorder but who can pass a recessive allele on to their offspring is called a

Answer 25

carrier

Question 26

Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called

Answer 26

autosomes

Question 27

_______ can never be carriers for X- linked recessive disorders like hemphilia

Answer 27

males

Question 28

__________ can be carriers for autosomal recessive traits

Answer 28

Both males and females

Question 29

divisions # cells Type of cells Haploid/ diploid # __________________________________________________chromosomes
Mitosis
_______________________________________________________________
Meiosis

Answer 29

divisions # cells Type of cells Haploid/ diploid # __________________________________________________chromosomes
Mitosis 1 2 Body diploid 46
_______________________________________________________________
Meiosis 2 4 Sex haploid 23

Question 30

What is a major advantage to meiosis

Answer 30

genetic variation

Question 31

What is a major difference between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

Answer 31

prophase 1- crossing over occurs

Question 32

In heterozygous individuals only the __________ allele achieves expression

Answer 32

dominant

Question 33

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait is called

Answer 33

heterozygous

Question 34

The cellular process that results in the production of gametes is

Answer 34

meiosis

Question 35

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is called

Answer 35

homozygous

Question 36

An organism’s ___________ refers to the set of alleles it has inherited

Answer 36

genotype

Question 37

The physical appearance of an organism as a result of its genotype is its

Answer 37

phenotype

Question 38

The likelihood that a specific event will occur

Answer 38

probability

Question 39

In genetics lowercase letters are usually used to indicate _______ traits

Answer 39

recessive

Question 40

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called

Answer 40

heredity

Question 41

_________ is defined as extra chromosome sets

Answer 41

polyploidy

Question 42

In humans polyploidy is always

Answer 42

lethal

Question 43

What inheritance pattern does traits represented by shaded symbols indicate?

Answer 43

Sex-linked traits

Question 44

Homozygous: Heterozygous

Answer 44

BB: Bb

Question 45

True or false- A cell’s environment and past history never affect a cell’s genetic instruction

Answer 45

false

Question 46

Genomes- What do fertilized eggs and differentiated cells have in common

Answer 46

Genomes are identical and different genes in each cell

Question 47

What do embryonic cells do?

Answer 47

Specialize

Question 48

What would happen if cells divided by mitosis instead meiosis?

Answer 48

There would be double the amount of chromosomes