DNA and Inheritance (NEW)

Question 1

What is the Structure of DNA

Answer 1

• Two long chains of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules connected by a pair of bases.
• Two chains are twisted to form a double helix.

Question 2

What are the four types of bases?

Answer 2

A- adenine
G- guanine
T- thymine
C- cytosine

Question 3

What do the order of bases do?

Answer 3

forms a code for making proteins

Question 4

How do bases pair?

Answer 4

• complementary base pairing
• Guanine (G) only pairs with Cytosine (C)
• Adenine (A) only pairs with Thymine (T).

Question 5

What does the triplet code do?

Answer 5

Each triplet code identifies for a particular amino acid.

-amino acids link together to form proteins

Question 6

How is a Triplet Code formed?

Answer 6

3 bases

Question 7

What are the steps of genetic profiling

Answer 7

• Cutting DNA into pieces

- which are then separated into bands

Question 8

What is genetic profiling used for?

Answer 8

used to compare similarities between DNA samples

Question 9

What is genetic profiling used in?

Answer 9

• criminal cases
• paternity cases
• comparing species for
classification purposes

Question 10

What is a benefit of genetic profiling?

Answer 10

identifying genes associated with disease

Question 11

What do genes come in?

Answer 11

• Different forms called alleles

Question 12

What is dominant gene

Answer 12

Describes an allele that is always expressed, Represented with a capital letter e.g. F

Question 13

What is meant by homozygous

Answer 13

Having two identical alleles of a gene e.g. FF or ff

Question 14

What is meant by heterozygous

Answer 14

Having two different alleles of a gene e.g. Ff

Question 15

What is a genotype

Answer 15

An organism’s genetic composition, describes all alleles

Question 16

What is a phenotype

Answer 16

An organism’s observable characteristics

Question 17

What is selfing

Answer 17

An artificial method of self-pollinating plants

Question 18

How is sex determined in humans?

Answer 18

• by chromosome pair 23
• male (xy)
• female (xx)

Question 19

What is Genetic Modifying?

Answer 19

the artificial transfer of genes from one organism to another

Question 20

What are advantages of genetic modifying?

Answer 20

• Genes for disease resistance can be transferred to crop plants to increase yield.
• Herbicide resistant genes can also increase yield as herbicides can be used to kill competing plants

Question 21

What are disadvantages of genetic modifying?

Answer 21

Creation of super weeds if the herbicide resistance genes are taken up by weed
species.

Question 22

What are the ISSUES with genetic modifying?

Answer 22

Unknown long-term effects of modifying genomes.

Unknown health effects of eating modified organisms.

Question 23

What is a recessive allele

Answer 23

A form of gene that characteristic only shows when no dominant allele is present

Question 24

What is a disadvantage of genetic Profiling?

Answer 24

• ownership issues

- privacy issues