DNA and Inheritance (NEW) Flashcards
What is the Structure of DNA
- Two long chains of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules connected by a pair of bases.
- Two chains are twisted to form a double helix.
What are the four types of bases?
A- adenine
G- guanine
T- thymine
C- cytosine
What do the order of bases do?
forms a code for making proteins
How do bases pair?
- complementary base pairing
- Guanine (G) only pairs with Cytosine (C)
- Adenine (A) only pairs with Thymine (T).
What does the triplet code do?
Each triplet code identifies for a particular amino acid.
-amino acids link together to form proteins
How is a Triplet Code formed?
3 bases
What are the steps of genetic profiling
- Cutting DNA into pieces
- which are then separated into bands
What is genetic profiling used for?
used to compare similarities between DNA samples
What is genetic profiling used in?
• criminal cases
• paternity cases
• comparing species for
classification purposes
What is a benefit of genetic profiling?
identifying genes associated with disease
What do genes come in?
- Different forms called alleles
What is dominant gene
Describes an allele that is always expressed, Represented with a capital letter e.g. F
What is meant by homozygous
Having two identical alleles of a gene e.g. FF or ff
What is meant by heterozygous
Having two different alleles of a gene e.g. Ff
What is a genotype
An organism’s genetic composition, describes all alleles
What is a phenotype
An organism’s observable characteristics
What is selfing
An artificial method of self-pollinating plants
How is sex determined in humans?
- by chromosome pair 23
- male (xy)
- female (xx)
What is Genetic Modifying?
the artificial transfer of genes from one organism to another
What are advantages of genetic modifying?
- Genes for disease resistance can be transferred to crop plants to increase yield.
- Herbicide resistant genes can also increase yield as herbicides can be used to kill competing plants
What are disadvantages of genetic modifying?
Creation of super weeds if the herbicide resistance genes are taken up by weed
species.
What are the ISSUES with genetic modifying?
Unknown long-term effects of modifying genomes.
Unknown health effects of eating modified organisms.
What is a recessive allele
A form of gene that characteristic only shows when no dominant allele is present
What is a disadvantage of genetic Profiling?
- ownership issues
- privacy issues
