Dna Flashcards
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
kind of transport wherein ions or molecules move against a concentration gradient, which means movement in the direction opposite that of diffusion – or – movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Hence, this process will require expenditure of energy, and the assistance of a type of protein called a carrier protein.
CELL WALL
A membrane of the cell that forms external to the cell membrane whose main role is to give cells rigidity, strength and protection against mechanical stress.
CELL MEMBRANE
The outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it.
CENTRAL VACUOLE
membrane-bound vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell whose function includes intracellular secretion, excretion, storage, and digestion.
CENTRIOLES
self-replicating, small, fibrous, cylindrical-shaped organelle, typically located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus in cells of most animals.
CENTROSOME
The organelle located near the nucleus in the cytoplasm that divides and migrates to opposite poles of the cell during mitosis,
CHLOROPLAST
Chlorophyll-containing plastid found within the cells of plants and other photosynthetic eukaryotes.
CHROMATIN
A complex of nucleic acids (e.g. DNA or RNA) and proteins (histones), which condenses to form a chromosome during cell division.
Cilia
Microscopic, hair-like projection on the surfaces of some cells and of certain organisms. (botany)
CRISTAE
The infoldings of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, which are studded with proteins and increase the surface area for chemical reactions
CYTOPLASM
It is the jelly-like substance in a cell that contains the cytosol, organelles, and inclusions, but not including the nucleus.
CYTOSKELETON
The internal framework of a cell composed of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm, and controls cells shape
Cytosol
(1) The liquid component of the cytoplasm surrounding the organelles and other insoluble cytoplasmic structures
Endocytosis
A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane.
ENDOPLASMIC
The inner dense part of the cytoplasm of a cell
EXOCYTOSIS
A process by which the contents of cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of vacuole membrane with the cell membrane
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
the process of passive transport of molecules or ions across a cell membrane
PEROXISOME
Small membrane-enclosed organelles that contain enzymes involves metabolic reactions
PERIPHERAL PROTEINS
Membrane proteins that only temporarily attach to a biological membrane. proteins attach to unequal membrane proteins or penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer
PHAGOCYTOSIS
The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans
Dinocytosis
The ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane
Prokaryotic
A unicellular organism that lacks a membrane bound nucleus mitochondria or any other membrane bound organelle
Flagella
A slender threadlike structure with a microscopic whiplike tail that embodies protozoa and bacteria to move
Fluid mosaic model
Explains various observations regarding the structure of functional cell membrane. Shows the cell membrane as two dimensional