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Forensic Biology > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

~Genetic Blue Print
~ the coded message of heredity and gives us our physical and genetic characteristics
~stores information necessary for passing down genetic attributes to future generations

A

Function of DNA

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2
Q

Contains specific sequence of deoxyribonucleotide units

A

Polynucleotide

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3
Q

Complete set of instructions for making an organism (the entire DNA within a cell) is known collectively as its ______

A

Genome

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4
Q

~DNA contained in the 46 chromosomes
~complete set of genetic information
~included coding DNA -protein
~non-coding DNA

A

Genomic DNA

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5
Q

Dense packets of DNA and proteins; they also offer protection

A

Histones

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6
Q

22 matches pairs of autos ones and two sex chromosomes (XX and XY)

A

Karyotpe

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7
Q

DNA is composed of two strands that are linked together through a process called ____

A

Hybridization

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8
Q

A-T

G-C

A

Nucleotides and their complementary base

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9
Q

Genes that make you

A

Genotype

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10
Q

Physical appearance

A

Phenotype

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11
Q

Location on a chromosome where a coding region exists

A

Gene locus

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12
Q

Form of a gene locus or an alternate form of a gene

A

Allele

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13
Q

Two copies of the same allele or form of the gene locus

A

Homozygote

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14
Q

Different alleles or forms of the same gene locus

A

Heterozygote

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15
Q

Locus Vs Loci

A

Singular vs Plural

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16
Q

What are the two purines

A

Adenine

Guanine

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17
Q

What are the two pyrimidines

A

Thymine

Cytosine

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18
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

19
Q

The molecule without the phosphate group

A

Nucleoside

20
Q

Repeating subunit that makes up a DNA molecule and has three functional groups

A

Nucleotides

3functional groups
~base (nitrogenous)
~sugar
~phosphate

21
Q

Double Helix

A

Watson

22
Q

Invented PCR process

A

Kary Mullins

23
Q

The amount of times a region repeats = name of allele

Ex: if you repeat a region 8 times it will be called 8allele

Ex: if you repeat 9.3 times the region repeated 9 times but stopped on the third base

A

Short Tandem Repeats (STR)

24
Q

Both allele are the same length

A

Homozygote

25
Q

Alleles differ and can be resolved from one another

A

Heterozygote

26
Q

Heteroplasmy is found in ____

A

Mitochondrial DNA

27
Q

SNP

A

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

28
Q

Where are these located/inherited
~STR
~Y chromosome
~Mitochondrial DNA

A

~locations within non sex chromosomes
~paternally inherited
~maternally inherited

reverse paternity

29
Q

Any cell other than a germ cell

A

Body cell (somatic)

30
Q

Same ancestry

A

Homologous

31
Q

DAE (polymerase chain reaction)

A

Denaturation
Annealing
Extension

32
Q

Denaturation

A

Break double strands

33
Q

Annealing

A

Forming bonds
Adding nucleotides
Bases ATGC
More DNA samples

34
Q

Extension

A

Extend

35
Q

Central Dogma

A

DNA makes RNA makes protein

36
Q

CODIS

A

Combined DNA Index System

37
Q

Gene on the X chromosome that codes for proteins associated with tooth enamel

A

Amelogenin

38
Q

NDIS

A

National DNA Index System

39
Q

SDIS

A

State DNA Index System

40
Q

LDIS

A

Local DNA Index System

41
Q

LDIS –> SDIS –> NDIS

order that things are entered

A

Forensic Software

42
Q

Witch Cassidy died ____

A

Bolivia

43
Q

Didn’t obtain credit and discovered crystal structure of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin

44
Q

RFLP

A

Restriction Fragment length polymorphism

Forensic Biology (7 decks)

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