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Biology Unit 2 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the backbone of DNA made up of?

A

Deoxyribose and phosphate

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1
Q

What part of a DNS molecule contains nitrogen?

A

Bases

T A G C

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2
Q

What are the bonds that hold bases together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

How does a changed in DNA sequence result in a non-functional enzyme

A

Change in base sequence of AA
Change in bonds e.g. Tertiary structure
Enzyme different shape
substate can no longer bind to active site

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4
Q

What is the purpose of deoxyribose sugar?

A

Give structure and stability

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the phosphate group?

A

Protect data from chemical and physical forces from outside

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6
Q

What are the bond between deoxyribose and phosphate

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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7
Q

What are the purpose of hydrogen bonds in DNA

A

Week hydrogen bonds separate easily during DNA replication

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8
Q

What is pyridimine?

A

One ring

C & T

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9
Q

What is purine

A

Double Ring

G & A

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10
Q

What are the properties of faces that make them join together

A

They are complementary and specific

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11
Q

What single units is DNA made up of?

A

Mononucleotides

Make up polynucleotides

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12
Q

How can a sequence of DNA be changed

A

Mutation:-
Substitution – exchanging one base for another
Insertion – adding extra base has e.g. codon
Deletion – sections of DNA are lost
Frameshift – and thousands of solutions that disrupt codons

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13
Q

What happens when DNA mutates?

A 
Causes no change
Alter the single amino acid
Codes for different amino acid
Animo acid cannot be produced
Changes to stop codon

Protein therefore may not be produced

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14
Q

How many amino acids can DNA code for?

A

20

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15
Q

What are start/stop codons?

A

Show where a gene begins and ends

16
Q

What is a dispersive model?

A

New DNA strands with a mixture of original strands a new bases

Mixture

17
Q

What is the Conservative model?

A

Old DNA strand remains new strands of form alongside it

18
Q

What is the semiconservative model?

A

Original Strand on the new bases are attracted exposed to the original bases

19
Q

What was that Melselon and Stahl experiment?

A

The DNA bases contained nitrogen of different isotopes N15=heavyN14=light
They took heavy DNA and let it replicate the solution of N14 bases
1. All DNA contains one heavy and one light polynucleotide strand
2. Half of the DNA contained light nitrogen. the other half was a mixture of light and heavy

Biology Unit 2 (7 decks)

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