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Biology Unit 2 > Cell Replication > Flashcards

Cell Replication Flashcards

0
Q

What is meiosis?

A

For daughter cells
All genetically different
Haploid cells

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1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Two daughter cells
All clones
Diploid cell

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2
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A 
Interphase (not part of mitosis)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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3
Q

What are the stages of meiosis?

A 
Interphase
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2
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4
Q

What happens during interphase?

Mitosis

A

DNA replicates

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5
Q

What happens during prophase?

Mitosis

A

Chromosomes condense
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Centrioles move to poles of the cell

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6
Q

What happens during metaphase?

Mitosis

A

Chromosomes line up in the centre

Attach to spindle fibres

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7
Q

What happens during anaphase?

Mitosis

A

Chromosomes pulled to the polls
Spindle fibre shorten
Nuclear envelope reforms

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8
Q

What happens in Telophase?

Mitosis

A

Cytoplasm splits into two

two new cells are formed

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9
Q

What is the mitotic index?

A

The ratio of cells undergoing mitosis to the cells not undergoing mitosis

Total number of cells in the U

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10
Q

How does meiosis introduce genetic variation?

A

Crossing over

Independent assortment

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11
Q

What happens in interphase?

Meiosis

A

cell growth occurs
New organelles form
DNA replicate
Energy stores increase

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12
Q

What happens in prophase 1?

Meiosis

A

Chromosomes shorten and come visible

Homologous chromosomes pair up

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13
Q

What happens in metaphase 1?

Meiosis

A

Pairs lineup on the equator of the cell

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14
Q

What happens in anaphase 1?

Meiosis

A

Homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibres shortening

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15
Q

What happens in telophase 1?

Meiosis

A

Nuclear envelope begins to form around chromosomes
Chromatids uncoil and spindle fibres disintegrate

(The stage does not happen in all cells)

16
Q

What happens in prophase 2?

Meiosis

A

Nuclear envelope will disintegrate chromosomes shorten

17
Q

What happens in metaphase 2?

Meiosis

A

Crimsons are aligned 90° to meiosis 1
Line up on the equator of the cell
Spindle fibres attached to centromeres

18
Q

What happens in anaphase 2?

Meiosis

A

Spindle fibres shorten

Chromosomes pulled apart the centromere

19
Q

What happens in telophase 2?

Meiosis

A

Chromatids unwind
Spindle fibre breaks down
nuclear envelope reforms

20
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

The splitting up of cells

Biology Unit 2 (7 decks)

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