Cell Replication Flashcards
What is meiosis?
For daughter cells
All genetically different
Haploid cells
What is mitosis?
Two daughter cells
All clones
Diploid cell
What are the stages of mitosis?
Interphase (not part of mitosis) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
What are the stages of meiosis?
Interphase Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Telophase 1 Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2
What happens during interphase?
Mitosis
DNA replicates
What happens during prophase?
Mitosis
Chromosomes condense
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Centrioles move to poles of the cell
What happens during metaphase?
Mitosis
Chromosomes line up in the centre
Attach to spindle fibres
What happens during anaphase?
Mitosis
Chromosomes pulled to the polls
Spindle fibre shorten
Nuclear envelope reforms
What happens in Telophase?
Mitosis
Cytoplasm splits into two
two new cells are formed
What is the mitotic index?
The ratio of cells undergoing mitosis to the cells not undergoing mitosis
Total number of cells in the U
How does meiosis introduce genetic variation?
Crossing over
Independent assortment
What happens in interphase?
Meiosis
cell growth occurs
New organelles form
DNA replicate
Energy stores increase
What happens in prophase 1?
Meiosis
Chromosomes shorten and come visible
Homologous chromosomes pair up
What happens in metaphase 1?
Meiosis
Pairs lineup on the equator of the cell
What happens in anaphase 1?
Meiosis
Homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibres shortening
What happens in telophase 1?
Meiosis
Nuclear envelope begins to form around chromosomes
Chromatids uncoil and spindle fibres disintegrate
(The stage does not happen in all cells)
What happens in prophase 2?
Meiosis
Nuclear envelope will disintegrate chromosomes shorten
What happens in metaphase 2?
Meiosis
Crimsons are aligned 90° to meiosis 1
Line up on the equator of the cell
Spindle fibres attached to centromeres
What happens in anaphase 2?
Meiosis
Spindle fibres shorten
Chromosomes pulled apart the centromere
What happens in telophase 2?
Meiosis
Chromatids unwind
Spindle fibre breaks down
nuclear envelope reforms
What is cytokinesis
The splitting up of cells