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Biology Unit 2 > Circulaory System and classification of organisms > Flashcards

Circulaory System and classification of organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do you mammals need a double circulatory system

A

They have a high metabolism

Also stop the capillaries from bursting in the lungs

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2
Q

Tunica External

A

The tough outer layer (strength)

Mainly of collagen

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3
Q

Tunica media

A

Stretches and recoils to increase and decrease pressure

Thicker in the artery

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4
Q

Tunica interna

A

Moved to prevent friction

Thin to allow diffusion

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5
Q

Lumen

A

Blood flows through

Wider in vein

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6
Q

Features of an artery

A

Thick muscle layer
Thick elastic layer
Thick wall

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7
Q

Features of a vein

A

Thin muscle layer
Thin elastic layer
Small wall
Valves

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8
Q

Features of a capillary

A 
Extremely thin
Highly branched 
Narrow lumen 
Spaces between lining (endothelial cells) 
Allow white blood cells to pass
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9
Q

How is tissue fluid formed

A
  1. Water is drawn out of the capillaries VIA OSMOSIS from the arteriole end due to high hydrostatic pressure
  2. Proteins are too large to pass through the capillary
  3. The water potential in the capillary is lower than that in the tissue fluid
  4. Water moves from the tissue fluid to the capillary down a water potential gradient
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10
Q

What is the role of the lymph

A

Tissue fluid that cannot be returned into capillaries travels through vessels that begin in the tissues
Smaller-> larger vessels
Picks up excess fluid and drains to the vena cava (close to heart)

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11
Q

What are lymph ducts

A

Open ended tubes with valves

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12
Q

How does fluid move through the lymph ducts

A

Hydrostatic pressure

Contraction of body muscles

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13
Q

What are the role of Venus valves

A

Ensures no backflip in the veins due to low pressure

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14
Q

What is the order of the hierarchy?

A 
Kingdom (Animalia) 
Phylum (Chordata-with a nervous system) 
Class (mammalia)
Order (Carnivora) 
Family (feildae) 
Genus (panthera)
Species (panthera Tigris)
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15
Q

What is the binomial system

A

Used for naming species (usually two Greek/latin names)

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16
Q

What are homologous characteristics?

A

Organisms with a shared evolutionary link

17
Q

What is phylogeny

A

The study of organisms with s shared evolutionary link

18
Q

What is DNA hybridisation

A
  1. DNA from two species are cut and heated (87*) to break hydrogen bonds and separate the polynucleotide strands
  2. The strands from the two species cool together and join together (reannel) to form a hybrid strand
  3. The temperature at which the two strand separate when reheated is measured
  4. The closer to 87* they are, the more closely related as there are more complementary base pairs and therefore hydrogen bonds
19
Q

What is taxomy

A

The science of classifying organisms

20
Q

What amount of data is within 1SD

A

68%

21
Q

What amount of data is within 2SD

A

95%

22
Q

What is DNA base sequencing

A

More bases matching means more closely related

23
Q

What is animo acid sequencing

A

Less difference in amino acid sequence means more closely related

24
Q

What is albumin

A

A protein found in blood

25
Q

What is immunological comparison

A
  1. human blood plasma, containing albumin, is injected into another species (eg. Rabbit)
  2. The rabbit produces antibodies
  3. Serum from the rabbit, containing antibodies, is mixed with serum from another species
  4. Antibodies will attach to corresponding antigens= precipitate
  5. The more precipitate= more closely related (more similar proteins
26
Q

What is the use of courtship

A
  • stimulates the release of gametes
  • recognises members of the opposite gender
  • indicates sexual maturity
27
Q

What are the features of a transport system

A

Transporting fluid (e.g. Blood)-often water-based = dissolve substances

A close system of tubular veins - (branched) distributed to all parts of animal
Form of mass transport-in bulk and over large distances
Controlling flow (valves and pressure difference)- controlling direction and movement of flow

28
Q

What is hierarchy

A

Groups within larger groups

Do not overlap

29
Q

Why are frogs eggs affected by pesticides

A

LSA
cannot diffuse
Eggs cannot move out of water
Pesticides absorbed by permeable outer layer

30
Q

Why would there be a lower index diversity

A

Less numbers of species
Less members of species
Only one predominant species

Biology Unit 2 (7 decks)

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