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Bio 5 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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0
Q

Where do you find DNA? Specifically.
What is the polymer and what is the monomer?
Which are purines and which are pyrimidines?
What holds the nucleotides in place?
What are the separate strands held by?
Which are the complimentary has pairs?

A 
In chromosomes in nucleus 
Nucleus acid and nucleotides
A+G C+T
Sugar phosphate backbone
Hydrogen bonds
A+T C+G
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1
Q

Semi conservative method

Explain

A

DNA polymerase and unwinding proteins join to the strand and separate by hydrolysing h bonds
Double strand uncoils so bases are exposed
Nucleotides pair up spontaneously
DNA polymerase joins nucleotides
New strands are half parent half new

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2
Q

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA- double stranded

   - deoxyribose sugar
   - thymine

RNA- single stranded

   - ribose sugar
   - uracil
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3
Q

Protein synthesis
What does DNA contain?
What are genes?
What are genes also known as?
What is coded info in the form of?
What are proteins formed from and how?
What does this say about genes as a result?

A

Genetic information
Sections of DNA that code for a polypeptide
Cistron
Specific base sequence
From polypeptides and they combine to form proteins
They determine proteins and as a result determine the nature and development of an organism

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4
Q

What do you find in both the small and large unit of a ribosome?

A

RNA and proteins

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5
Q

Transcription
Why can DNA not be used directly in protein synthesis?
What is the process?
What is the evidence is happens in the ribosome rather than the nucleus?

Translation
What is the mRNA code converted into?
What does tRNA do?

A

Because it cannot leave the nucleus
Genetic code transcribed to mRNA
And mRNA passes this on to the ribosome
Happens in RBC which give up their nucleus for more space

Amino acids
Brings the amino acids to the ribosome

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6
Q

Roles of RNA
what is the role of: mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

A

Carry gene and copy info
Carry amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosomes
Make ribosomes

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7
Q

What is the genetic code?
How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?
What is the triplet code/codon?
What does the order of amino acids depend on?

A

Sequence of amino acids that code for the order of amino acids in a polypeptide or protein
64
3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid
Sequence of codons

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8
Q 
What did nirenburg do?
How long did this this take?
How did he do this?
What is the advantage of a cell free system?
What would you find in the test tube?
A

Translated the triplet code for amino acids
1961-1964
Added small pieces of mRNA to a cell free test tube
Energy specifically for process not in metabolic process
Ribosomes, amino acids, ATP and enzymes

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9
Q 
What does UUU code for?
What is a stop codon and what does it usually indicate? 
What is meant by degenerate code?
What is meant by universal code? 
What is an intron?
A

Phenylalanine
Section of DNA that doesn’t code for a polypeptide
Most aa have more than one codon
Same in all living organisms
Nuclear DNA that does does not code for an aa

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10
Q 
DNA
 How many strands does it have?
 Large,small or smaller?
 What kind of shape?
 What type of sugar does it have?
 What bases does it have?
 Where is it found?
 What's its quantity?
 Is it chemically stable?
A 
2
Large
Double helix
Deoxyribose sugar 
Atcg 
Nucleus
Constant
Yes very
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11
Q 
mRNA
  How many strands does it have?
  Large,small or smaller?
  What shape does it have?
  What sugar does it have?
  What bases does it have?
  Where's it made?
  Where's it found?
  What's its quantity?
  Is it chemically stable?
A 
Single strand 
Small
Single helix
Ribose
AUCG
Nucleus
Throughout the cell
Varies with cell and metabolic activity 
No broke. Apart v easily
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12
Q 
tRNA
  How many strands does it have?
  Large,small or smaller?
  What's its shape?
  What sugar does it have?
  What bases does it have?
  Where is it made?
  Where is it found?
  What's its quantity?
  Is it chemically stable?
A 
1
Smaller 
Clover 
Ribose 
AUCG
Nucleus 
Throughout the cell 
More stable than mRNA less than DNA
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13
Q

What is a cistron?

What is the promotor region?

A

A gene

The beginning of a cistron

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14
Q

What is the sequence of events for transcription?(9)

A

RNA polymerase,helical and unwinding proteins join to cistron at promotor region
Helipads breaks bonds in region
One side of DNA exposed
Bases in nucleoplasm pair (comp base pair) AU CG
RNA polymerase condenses bases together using energy 5-3
No longer copies at terminator region
mRNA and DNA unstable so separate
mRNA leaves nucleus through nuclear pore and diffuses to ribosome

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