DNA 3 Flashcards
How can mutation affect protein function
Mutation changes sequence of bases in DNA which changes mRNA codon. So the incorrect tRNA codon is made.
Different amino acid added to polypeptide chain.
Different primary structure and R groups (side chains)
Changes bonding in protein
Different folding of protein so different secondary and tertiary structures so protein can’t function as it is wrong shape and protein function is dependent on shape
Why might mutation not have an effect on protein
Lots of DNA doesn’t code for proteins (2%)
Degenerate amino acids may be unaffected as changed base may code for same amino acid
General structure of protein
On left is amine group, 2 Hs attached to an N, middle is C with a H below and R above.
Carboxylic acid is on right and C is double bonded to 0 and bonded to hydroxide. Below
Examples of proteins that leave cell
Examples of proteins that leave a cell are hormones and antibodies.
What should be done with biochemistry questions
With biochemistry questions, name bonds, reaction and enzymes.
How do nucleotides join to form DNA
Nucleotides form when phosphodiester bonds form between nucleotides (forming sugar phosphate backbone) which forms during a condensation reaction. The enzyme DNA polymerase catalyses this reaction.
What bond links sugar and phosphate groups
Bond that links sugar and phosphate groups is phosphodiester
WHat is function of DNA
Function of DNA is store of hereditary information
How do nucleotides form DNA
Nucleotides form DNA by:
Joining together in condensation reactions catalysed by DNA polymerase, held together by phosphodiester bonds
