DNA 1 (2)

Question 1

What is a mononucleotide

Answer 1

Mononucleotide contains 3 molecules linked with a condensation reaction, deoxyribose (5carbon sugar), phosphate and thymine (organic base containing nitrogen).

Question 2

What are the 3 molecules in a mononucleotide (DNA) and what do they make up

Answer 2

The 3 molecules in a mononucleotide are deozxyribose (5 carbon sugar), a phosphate group and an organic base containing nitrogen. Mononucleotides make up DNA (polynucleotide as it is a long chain polymer made of nucleotides)

Question 3

What are nucleotides held together (bases)

Answer 3

Nucleotides are held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 4

What is the pairing of bases

Answer 4

Pairing of bases is :Bases A and G both have 2 ring structure (purines), whereas pyrimidines c and t, only have 1 ring. The bases pair so that 3 rings form the ring of the DNA molecule, making it a uniform width across the whole length. The shape and chemical structure of base dictates how many hydrogen bonds each one can form and this determines the pairing of Adenine and Thymine (2 hydrogen bonds) and Cytosine with Guanine (3 H bonds). These are complementary base pairs.

Question 5

Genetic code

Answer 5

Genetic code dictates all inherited characteristics of an organism.

Question 6

Phosphodiester bond

Answer 6

Phosphodiester bond is bond that forms between the 2 nucleotides, these make up the sugar phosphate backbone.

Question 7

Differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 7

RNA is a single stranded polynucleotide and DNA has multiple strands.
RNA contains a ribose sugar and DNA has a deoxyribose sugar.
RNA has uracil and DNA has thymine
RNA found in nucleus and cytoplasm whereas DNA only found in nucleus.
They all have a sugar, base and a phosphate

Question 8

What reaction joins molecules to make a nucleotide

Answer 8

Condensation reaction

Question 9

Which are purines

Answer 9

Ag silver are the purines

Question 10

What bond is between pentose sugar and base pair

Answer 10

Glycosidic bond joins pentose sugar and base pair

Question 11

Non overlapping definition

Answer 11

Non over lapping is when each base is only ever part of 1 codon, so each codon is read as a discrete unit.

Question 12

Degenerate definition

Answer 12

Degenerate is when multiple codons code for same amino acid

Question 13

Triplet

Answer 13

Triplet is a group of 3 bases

Question 14

What is a gene

Answer 14

gene is a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule coding for a sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.

Question 15

What is similarity between DNA and mRNA

Answer 15

Similarity between DNA and mRNA is that thy are both polynucleotide