DNA Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are structures located in the nuclei of cells that contain genetic material passed from parents to offspring. They carry the information necessary for inheritance and cellular function.
What is DNA?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the growth, development, and functioning of all living organisms. It is made of two long strands of nucleotides forming a double helix.
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA consists of two strands twisted into a double helix. Each strand is made of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
What are nucleotides in DNA?
Nucleotides are the individual units of DNA, made up of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), or Guanine (G).
What are the four types of bases in DNA?
The four types of bases in DNA are:
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
How do the bases in DNA pair up?
In DNA, Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G).
What holds the two strands of DNA together?
The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
What forms the “backbone” of the DNA molecule?
The backbone of the DNA molecule is formed by the phosphate and deoxyribose sugar sections of the nucleotides.
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
The shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix, which resembles a twisted ladder.
What are the “rungs” of the DNA ladder made of?
The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are made of base pairs (A-T and C-G), which connect the two strands of DNA.
What are chromosomes?
Structures made of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information. They are located in the nucleus of a cell.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms, consisting of two strands forming a double helix and composed of nucleotides containing a sugar, phosphate, and base.
