DM1/DM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

A

Metabolic disorder or disease that is brought about by either insufficient production of insulin or inadequate activity of insulin receptors

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2
Q

What are the types of DM?

A

1, 2, gestational

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3
Q

Sx of DM

A

Polyuria/polydipsia
Weight loss
Glucose >126mg/dL after overnight fast on more than one occasion
Ketonemia/ketonuria

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4
Q

What is type 1 DM?

A

Auto immune antibodies (anti-pancreatic/insulin/GAD65)

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5
Q

Who does type 1 DM primarily occur in?

A

Children and adolescence, may develop in adults up to 30 years old

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6
Q

Type 1 DM sx

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, polyphagia, unexplained weight loss, poor wound healing

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7
Q

DM1 has a higher prevalence of what infections?

A

Candidal vaginitis and balanitis, recurrent/severe UTIs, recurrent skin infections and malignant otitis externa

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8
Q

Labs for DM1

A

UA: glucosuria, ketonemia, ketouria
FBG: >126mg/dL

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9
Q

What glucose level would make a UA positive for glucose?

A

150-180mg/dL

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10
Q

Treatment of DM type 1

A

Insulin, diet, exercise

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11
Q

DM1 patients should avoid what in their diet?

A

Simple sugars (white bread, rice, tortillas, candy, soda etc)

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12
Q

Insulin overdose can lead to what kind of complications?

A

Seizures, coma, death

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13
Q

How would you treat insulin overdose?

A

Check FBG
Drink soda or juice
Eat a candy
Glucose paste tablets or gel
Recheck FBG after 20 min following the nom noms
Repeat if symptomatic, and then have them eat a meal

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14
Q

What is the most common complication of DM?

A

Neuropathies, affecting 50% of type 2

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15
Q

What is type 2 DM?

A

Insulin resistance due to inadequate activity of insulin receptors

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16
Q

What age group is type 2 DM common?

A

40, becoming more prevalent in adolescence

17
Q

Sx of type 2 DM

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, candidal vaginitis may be an initial sx. Many are asymptomatic

18
Q

What glucose levels would you be concerned for type 2 DM?

A

> 126mg/dL after an overnight fast on more than one occasion
200mg/dL random glucose
6.5% A1c

19
Q

What are comorbidities associated with DM 2?

A

HTN, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis

20
Q

What is DM2?

A

Resistance to insulin at receptor level

21
Q

Which type accounts for 90% of DM?

A

Type 2

22
Q

Which ethnic groups are more likely to have type 2 dm?

A

American Indians, Hispanics and Asians

23
Q

Treatment of type 2 DM?

A

Diet, exercise
Metformin

24
Q

What is the most modifiable risk factor of type 2 DM?

A

Obesity

25
Q

How often should diabetic patients have a dilated eye exam?

A

Annual