DM1/DM 2 Flashcards
What is diabetes mellitus?
Metabolic disorder or disease that is brought about by either insufficient production of insulin or inadequate activity of insulin receptors
What are the types of DM?
1, 2, gestational
Sx of DM
Polyuria/polydipsia
Weight loss
Glucose >126mg/dL after overnight fast on more than one occasion
Ketonemia/ketonuria
What is type 1 DM?
Auto immune antibodies (anti-pancreatic/insulin/GAD65)
Who does type 1 DM primarily occur in?
Children and adolescence, may develop in adults up to 30 years old
Type 1 DM sx
Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, polyphagia, unexplained weight loss, poor wound healing
DM1 has a higher prevalence of what infections?
Candidal vaginitis and balanitis, recurrent/severe UTIs, recurrent skin infections and malignant otitis externa
Labs for DM1
UA: glucosuria, ketonemia, ketouria
FBG: >126mg/dL
What glucose level would make a UA positive for glucose?
150-180mg/dL
Treatment of DM type 1
Insulin, diet, exercise
DM1 patients should avoid what in their diet?
Simple sugars (white bread, rice, tortillas, candy, soda etc)
Insulin overdose can lead to what kind of complications?
Seizures, coma, death
How would you treat insulin overdose?
Check FBG
Drink soda or juice
Eat a candy
Glucose paste tablets or gel
Recheck FBG after 20 min following the nom noms
Repeat if symptomatic, and then have them eat a meal
What is the most common complication of DM?
Neuropathies, affecting 50% of type 2
What is type 2 DM?
Insulin resistance due to inadequate activity of insulin receptors