DM1/DM 2

Question 1

What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer 1

Metabolic disorder or disease that is brought about by either insufficient production of insulin or inadequate activity of insulin receptors

Question 2

What are the types of DM?

Answer 2

1, 2, gestational

Question 3

Sx of DM

Answer 3

Polyuria/polydipsia
Weight loss
Glucose >126mg/dL after overnight fast on more than one occasion
Ketonemia/ketonuria

Question 4

What is type 1 DM?

Answer 4

Auto immune antibodies (anti-pancreatic/insulin/GAD65)

Question 5

Who does type 1 DM primarily occur in?

Answer 5

Children and adolescence, may develop in adults up to 30 years old

Question 6

Type 1 DM sx

Answer 6

Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, polyphagia, unexplained weight loss, poor wound healing

Question 7

DM1 has a higher prevalence of what infections?

Answer 7

Candidal vaginitis and balanitis, recurrent/severe UTIs, recurrent skin infections and malignant otitis externa

Question 8

Labs for DM1

Answer 8

UA: glucosuria, ketonemia, ketouria
FBG: >126mg/dL

Question 9

What glucose level would make a UA positive for glucose?

Answer 9

150-180mg/dL

Question 10

Treatment of DM type 1

Answer 10

Insulin, diet, exercise

Question 11

DM1 patients should avoid what in their diet?

Answer 11

Simple sugars (white bread, rice, tortillas, candy, soda etc)

Question 12

Insulin overdose can lead to what kind of complications?

Answer 12

Seizures, coma, death

Question 13

How would you treat insulin overdose?

Answer 13

Check FBG
Drink soda or juice
Eat a candy
Glucose paste tablets or gel
Recheck FBG after 20 min following the nom noms
Repeat if symptomatic, and then have them eat a meal

Question 14

What is the most common complication of DM?

Answer 14

Neuropathies, affecting 50% of type 2

Question 15

What is type 2 DM?

Answer 15

Insulin resistance due to inadequate activity of insulin receptors

Question 16

What age group is type 2 DM common?

Answer 16

40, becoming more prevalent in adolescence

Question 17

Sx of type 2 DM

Answer 17

Polyuria, polydipsia, candidal vaginitis may be an initial sx. Many are asymptomatic

Question 18

What glucose levels would you be concerned for type 2 DM?

Answer 18

> 126mg/dL after an overnight fast on more than one occasion
200mg/dL random glucose
6.5% A1c

Question 19

What are comorbidities associated with DM 2?

Answer 19

HTN, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis

Question 20

What is DM2?

Answer 20

Resistance to insulin at receptor level

Question 21

Which type accounts for 90% of DM?

Answer 21

Type 2

Question 22

Which ethnic groups are more likely to have type 2 dm?

Answer 22

American Indians, Hispanics and Asians

Question 23

Treatment of type 2 DM?

Answer 23

Diet, exercise
Metformin

Question 24

What is the most modifiable risk factor of type 2 DM?

Answer 24

Obesity

Question 25

How often should diabetic patients have a dilated eye exam?

Answer 25

Annual