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Pharmacology > DM & Endocrine > Flashcards

DM & Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Short duration rapid acting insulin qualities

A
  • clear
  • can be mixed with other insulins
  • given with food
  • can be given IV, not normally
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2
Q

short duration rapid acting insulin names

A

lispro, aspart, glulisine (GAL)

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3
Q

Lispro onset

A

15-30min

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4
Q

Lispro peak

A

0.5-2.5 hrs

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5
Q

Lispro duration

A

3-6 hrs

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6
Q

Aspart onset

A

10-20 mins

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7
Q

Aspart peak

A

1-3 hrs

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8
Q

Aspart duration

A

3-5 hrs

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9
Q

Glulisine onset

A

10-15 min

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10
Q

glulisine peak

A

1-1.5 hrs

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11
Q

Glulisine duration

A

3-5 hrs

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12
Q

Short duration slower acting insulin qualities

A
  • clear
  • can be mixed with other insulins
  • used with sliding scale and meals (30 mins prior to meal)
  • can be given IV
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13
Q

Short duration slower acting insulin names

A

regular insulin

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14
Q

Regular insulin onset

A

30-60 mins

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15
Q

Regular insulin peak

A

1-5 hours

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16
Q

Regular insulin duration

A

6-10 hrs

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17
Q

Intermediate acting insulin qualities

A
  • cloudy
  • can be given with short acting
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18
Q

Intermediate acting insulin name

A

NPH insulin

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19
Q

NPH insulin onset

A

60-120 mins

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20
Q

NPH insulin peak

A

6-14 hrs

21
Q

Intermediate acting insulin duration

A

16-24 hrs

22
Q

Long duration insulin qualities

A
  • clear
  • should not be mixed with other insulins
23
Q

Long duration insulin names

A

insulin glargine, insulin detemir

24
Q

Insulin glargine onset

A

70 mins

25
Q

Insulin glargine peak

A

none

26
Q

insulin glargine duration

A

18-24 hrs

27
Q

Insulin detemir onset

A

60-120 minsI

28
Q

Insulin detemir peak

A

none

29
Q

Insulin detemir duration

A

12-24 hrs

30
Q

Ultra-long duration insulin

A

insulin glargine

31
Q

Insulin glargine (ultra long) onset

A

360 mins

32
Q

Insulin glargine (ultra long) peak

A

none

33
Q

Insulin glargine (ultra long) duration

A

> 24 hrs

34
Q

Glipizide - sulfonylureas use

A

T2DM

35
Q

Glipizide moa

A

stimulates release of insulin by beta cells, may also increase response to insulin

36
Q

Glipizide adverse effects

A

hypoglycemia, weight gain

37
Q

Glipizide interactions

A

alcohol - disulfiram like reaction
drugs that intensify hypoglycemia (BBs)

38
Q

Glipizide implications

A
  • do not give with sulfa allergy
  • give 30 minutes before breakfast (missing food increases risk of hypoglycemia)
  • no alcohol
  • monitor for hypoglycemia (tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, tremors, n/v)
39
Q

Metformin - biguanides use

A

T2DM, PCOS, gestational diabetes, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome

40
Q

Metformin MOA

A
  • decrease glucose production in liver
  • decrease glucose absorption from gut
  • increase tissue response to insulin (uptake of glucose by cells)
41
Q

Metformin adverse effects

A
  • GI: decrease appetite, n/d, gas
  • Rare: lactic acidosis - hyperventilation, myalgia, malaise, somnolence
  • do not use with renal disease or CHF
42
Q

Metformin interactions

A
  • ETOH increases lactic acidosis
  • IV contrast - increases risk of lactic acidosis and renal failure
43
Q

Metformin additive effects

A
  • least likely to cause hypoglycemia
  • decrease LDL, increase HDL
  • weight loss
44
Q

Metformin implications

A
  • avoid alcohol
  • monitor for lactic acidosis
  • stop medication 1-2 days before IV contrast administration
45
Q

Sitagliptin - Gliptins - DPP-4 Inhibitors use

A

T2DM

46
Q

Sitagliptin moa

A
  • increase insulin release in pancreas
  • reduce glucagon release in liver
  • decrease hepatic glucose production
47
Q

Sitagliptin adverse effects

A

pancreatitis, hypersensitivity reactions

48
Q

Sitagliptin implications

A
  • educate on pancreatitis (abdominal pain, maybe vomiting)
  • monitor for hypersensitivity (angioedema, anaphylaxis, SJ syndrome)

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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