Antibiotics, Antimicrobials, Anti-fungals, Anti-virals Flashcards
Sulfonamides MOA
Inhibit synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid
Sulfonamide: bacteriostatic or bactericidal
bacteriostatic
Sulfonamides meds
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim
Sulfonamides uses
UTIs - E.coli
GI infections
Pneumonia - Pneumocystis carinii
MRSA
Sulfonamides side effects
Hypersensitivity reactions
- Photosensitivity
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Hematologic: thrombocytopenia
Renal damage
Allergies: itching/rash
Sulfonamides Pertinent Teachings
- Can intensify effects from warfarin and dilantin
- decrease sun exposure/wear sunblock
- increase water to prevent kidney damage
- monitor BS in DM patients
- Do not give to pregnant/nursing women or infants <2 months
Metronidazole MOA
inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
Metronidazole Uses
CDI, H.Pylori, Trichomoniasis, Gardnerella vaginalis, CNS/bone/skin/soft tissue infections
Metronidazole Side Effects
Neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, metallic taste, urine discoloration
Metronidazole Pertinent Teachings
Avoid alcohol - Disulfiram like reactions
Fluoroquinolones MOA
Inhibits synthesis of DNA/RNA
Fluoroquinolones meds
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones Uses
Respiratory tract infections, GI infections, UTI, Bone/skin/joint/soft tissue infections
Fluoroquinolones Side Effects
Tendon rupture, muscle weakness, photosensitivity, GI (n/v/d), headaches/dizziness, risk of CDI
Fluoroquinolones Pertinent Teachings
- Contraindication to myasthenia gravis
- Risk: elderly, transplants, glucocorticoids
- Avoid milk + antacids + cationic compounds
Aminoglycosides MOA
Inhibit protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides: bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
Aminoglycosides Use
Serious Gram (-) only: - enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa
- VRE (+PCN)
- GI, urinary, respiratory, bone, skin infections
Aminoglycosides meds
Gentamicin
Aminoglycosides Side Effects
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycosides Pertinent Teachings
- Never mix with PCN in same IV
- Monitor peaks and troughs
- Daily IV preferred - decrease ototoxicity
Clindamycin MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis
Clindamycin class
Lincosomide
Clindamycin Use
Alternative to PCN, only anaerobic infections outside of CNS, MRSA
Clindamycin Side Effects
Can cause CDAD
Allergies: hypersensitivity, rash
Clindamycin Pertinent Teachings
Monitor liver function, educate on CDAD
Oxizolidinones MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis
Oxizolidinones bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
bacteriostatic
Linezolid Use
MRSA, VRE, healthcare/community associated pneumonia, skin infections
Linezolid Side Effects
diarrhea, nausea, headaches, myelosuppression
Linezolid Pertinent Teachings
Monitor blood count
Don’t take with tyramine, SSRIs, MAO inhibitors
Macrolides: bacteriostatic or bactericidal
bacteriostatic
Macrolides MOA
inhibit protein synthesis
Macrolides meds
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Macrolides Uses
Respiratory tract infections
- pneumonia, sinus
skin infections
- chlamydia, ear
Alternative to PCN
Macrolides side effects
GI distress, QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity
Macrolides Pertinent Teachings
- Avoid antacids + antidysrhythmic drugs
- Administer w/food to avoid GI
- Can increase half-lives of drugs
Tetracycline bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
bacteriostatic
Tetracycline meds
doxycyline, minocyline
Tetracycline MOA
inhibits protein synthesis
Tetracycline Uses
Chlamydia, rickettsia, H.pylori, Lyme disease, peridontal disease, acne, MRSA
Tetracycline side effects
Teeth discoloration, suppress bone growth, GI distress, superinfection (CDI), photosensitivity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
Tetracycline pertinent teachings
- Teratogenic (<8y/o + moms)
- Do not give with calcium or antacids
- protect against sun
- Do not give to pt. with renal disease
Vancomycin bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
bactericidal
Vancomycin MOA
Weakens bacterial wall
Vancomycin uses
reserve for SEVERE infections
CDI, MRSA, alternative to PCN
Vancomycin side effects
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Red person syndrome
Thrombophlebitis
Vancomycin pertinent teachings
- infuse slowly
- narrow range of 10-20mcg/mL
- monitor kidneys and liver
- PO with food/refridgerate
Cephalosporins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
bactericidal
Cephalosporins MOA
weakens bacterial cell wall
Cephalosporin generations
increase activity to (-) bacteria, resistance to beta-lactamases, and ability to reach CSF with each new generation
Cephalosporin uses
3rd gen: meningitis
5th gen: MRSA
other: skin, urinary, respiratory, etc.
Cephalosporin Side effects
CEF THE GIANT
- Gi
- increase glucose
- anaphylaxis/alcohol
- nephrotoxicity
- thrombocytopenia
Cephalosporin pertinent teachings
- ceftriaxone contraindicated for neonates IV
- caution with renal disease
- cross sensitivity with PCN
- avoid bleeding by rotating IV sites