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FTM Exam 1 > DLA: Intro To Nervous System > Flashcards

DLA: Intro To Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

2 control of PNS

A

Somatic: voluntary control > skeletal muscle
Visceral: involuntary control > cardiac, smooth muscle, glands

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2
Q

Components of CNS

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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3
Q

Components of PNS

A 
All other:
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia
Enteric plexuses
Sensory receptors
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4
Q

Sensory of somatic

PPPTT

A 
Pain
Pressure
Proprioception
Touch
Temperature
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5
Q

Components of nervous system

A

Neurons

Neurologlial cells: supporting cells

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6
Q

Parts of a neuron

A

Cell body/soma
Dendrite
Axon: ends at synaptic end bulb = terminal bouton

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7
Q

3 types of neurons by structure

A

Multipolar
Pseudounipolar = unipolar
Bipolar

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8
Q

Neuroglial cells in CNS

A

Astrocyte
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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9
Q

Neuroglial cells in PNS

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

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10
Q

Collection of cell bodies and axons in CNS are called

A

Nucleus: grey matter, outside
Tract: white matter, myelinated, center

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11
Q

Collections of cell bodies and axons in PNS are called

A

Ganglion: grey matter, center

Peripheral nerve: white matter, outside

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12
Q

Compartments of brain

A

Cerebral hemispheres:
Folds=gyri, grooves=sulci
Longitudinal fissure separates left and right cerebral hemispheres
Fcn: sensory motor, visual, auditory, language, memory, higher cognitive fcns

Thalamus:
Relaying and modulating sensory input to cerebrum
Regulate motor fcn

Hypothalamus:
Homeostasis, growth, reproduction

Brainstem:
Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata
Vegetative fcns: cardio regulation, swallowing, yawning

Cerebellum:
Posture, balance, smooth coordinated movements

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13
Q

PNS

Cranial nerves

A

Axons of neurons forming peripheral nerves exiting the cerebral cortex and brainstem

12 pairs:
Cortex: CNI-II
Midbrain: CNIII-IV
Pons: CNV-VIII
Medulla: CNIX-XII

Motor, sensory, parasympathetic fibers

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14
Q

PNS

Spinal nerves

A

Axons exiting the spinal cord segments

31 pairs:
8 cervical: C1-C8
12 thoracic: T1-T12
5 lumber: L1-L5
5 sacral: S1-S5
1 coccygeal: Co1

Motor, sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic fibers

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15
Q

Formation of a typical spinal nerve

A

Dorsal/ventral horn > dorsal/ventral rootlets > dorsal/ventral root > spinal nerve, mixed > dorsal/central ramus

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16
Q

All glands are innervated by parasympathetic except

A

Sweat glands

17
Q

2 neurons for autonomic system

A

Preganglionic: in CNS
Postganglionic: in PNS

18
Q

Origin of sympathetic division of ANS

And cell bodies

A

T1-L2

Sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral), Preaortic ganglia, plexus

19
Q

Origin of parasympathetic division of ANS

And cell bodies

A

CN III, VII, IX, X
S 2, 3, 4

Nuclei located in the head and ganglia in or near visceral walls

20
Q

Synapses location

A

Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic

21
Q

Synpases for muscle and gland cells occur between

A

Axons and effector cells

Muscle: NMJ = neuromuscular junction

22
Q

2 types of synpases

A

Chemical: release of nt

Electrical: movement of ions across gap junctions
Mainly in cardiac and smooth muscle

23
Q

6 types of nt

A

Ach: NMJ
Used by cholinergic neurons
Removed by AChesterase

Catecolamines: precursor Tyrosine
Epinephrine = adrenaline, used by adrenergic neurons
Norepinephrine
Removed by COMT, MAO

Serotonin: precursor tryptophan
Used by serotonergic neurons

Aa: GABA, Gly (inhibitory), Glu (excitatory), Asp

Nitric oxide: synthesized within synapse

Small peptides: substance P, VIP, CCK, HRH produced by APUD cells

24
Q

Polio, Herpes, Rabies

A

Neuroinvasive viruses via retrograde transport

25
Q

Guillain Barre

A

Inhibit presynaptic neuron

Multiple sclerosis

26
Q

Tetanus toxin

A

Block the release of inhibitory nt: Gly and GABA in CNS

27
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Autoimmune attack on ACh R
Ab to nt R
Impaired transmission of nerve impulses

28
Q

Chlorotoxin = Cltx

A

Active compound found in scorpion venom, inhibit the conductance of Cl- channels

29
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

Block release or bind ACh in PNS

30
Q

Tetrodotoxin = TTX

A

Blocks Na channel function

FTM Exam 1 (23 decks)

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