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Bio Exam > Diverstiy > Flashcards

Diverstiy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 7 musts for life
HERD C REG C

A

Maintain Homeostats, Metabolize energy, Reproduce, Development and Growth, Made of cells, Respond to the environment, Have a universal Genetic code

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2
Q

What is Biodiversity

A

The different forms of life in an area

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3
Q

which one is a decomposer?
a) Fox b) Fungi c) Tree d) Blue Jay

A

Fungi

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4
Q

What are the 3 species concepts

A

Morphological, Recognition, Biological

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5
Q

What are Biodiversity benefits

A

We use different species for medicine.

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6
Q

What are some of the threats to biodiversity?

A

Habitat fragmentation
Introducing exotic species
Pollution
global climate change

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7
Q

Define Taxonomy

A

The branch of biology in which organisms are classified and named based on studies of their different characteristics

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8
Q

Taxonomy tier list 😎 DKPCOFGS

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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9
Q

How are animals named

A

Genus name then species name

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10
Q

Define Phylogeny

A

The study of evolutionary relationships between species

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11
Q

How can Phylogeny be illustrated

A

Cladograms

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12
Q

What information is needed to create a cladogram

A

A trait chart

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13
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms FAP APE

A

Fungi, Archaea, Protista, Animals, Plants, Eubacteria

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14
Q

Which kingdoms is the most diverse and difficult to distinguish from

A

Protista

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15
Q

Which kingdoms have an ancestral Eukaryotic cell

A

Animals, plants, Fungi, Protists

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16
Q

How many different Protist species and some example

A

(65k – 200k species)
Examples: amoebas, paramecium, diatoms

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17
Q

What are some ways protists move

A

pseudopods, Cilia, flagella,
Passive movement, spores

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18
Q

What is different between Fungi and plants

A

They don’t photosynthesize like plants and they don’t have leaves or tree roots

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19
Q

Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, what are Fungi cell walls made of ?

A

Chitn

20
Q

How do Fungi reproduce

A

Asexual budding produces two cells from one.
Sexual reproduction includes spore production & release.

21
Q

What are the 4 types of Fungi SICC

A

sac-like, imperfect, club-like, case-like

22
Q

What are the 3 different types of body symmetry and an example

A

Asymmetrical - Sponge
Radial - Starfish
Bilateral - Dog

23
Q

What are animals with a backbone called and what % of animals have it

A

Vertebrates, 5%

24
Q

What are the 3 domains

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

25
Q

List differences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Pro Eu

No Nucleus | Has Nucleus
Often unicellular | Often multicellular
DNA in nuclear region | DNA in nucleus
(No Organelles | (Many membrane
except ribosomes) | based organelles)
reproduce asexually | reproduce both
many anaerobic | Most aerobic

26
Q

What is a virus

A

microscopic organisms that has to infect hosts, like humans, plants or animals

27
Q

Why are viruses considered non-living

A

Unable to reproduce by themselves
Unable to move independently
Do not react to stimuli
Lack cell structures

28
Q

What are the main parts of a virus

A

Genetic material (DNA and RNA)
Protective Protein Coat (called a Capsid)

29
Q

What virus infects bacteria

A

Bacteriophages

30
Q

What are the names of the 2 virus reproduction cycles

A

Lysogenic, and Lytic

31
Q

What does the lysogenic cycle do (simple)

A

Virus injects DNA into host cells chromosomes and becomes inactive. Then when the virus DNA joins the host DNA it is now referred to as a provirus

32
Q

What does the Lytic cycle do (simple)

A

Virus injects DNA into host DNA. Then viral DNA hijacks the host and uses it to replicate new viruses

33
Q

What are the 5 steps of the Lytic cycle

A
  1. Attaches to receptor
  2. penetrates
  3. Multiplies
  4. Assembles
  5. Lysis (releases and kills host)
34
Q

What are the 4 steps of Lysogenic cycle

A
  1. Viral DNA combines with host DNA
  2. Viral DNA replicates along with the hosts
  3. Virus reactivated
  4. Enters the Lytic cycle
35
Q

Why are viruses good

A

Some Viruses protect us and without them we would not be alive

36
Q

How do vaccines work

A

They have a weaken part of the virus and your body knows to look out for bad guys now

37
Q

What is s Bacteria’s favorite environment

A

Warm, dark, and moist

38
Q

What are the 3 main Phyla of Archaea

A

Anaerobic, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles

39
Q

What are the 4 ways to classify bacteria

A

Cell shape, cell wall structure, motility, metabolism

40
Q

What are the 3 cell shapes for bacteria

A

Cocci (sphere), Bacilli (rod shaped), Spirochetes (spiral)

41
Q

What is bacteria cell wall made of

A

Peptidoglycan

42
Q

What are the 4 ways bacteria reproduce

A

Binary fission - parent cell divides to form 2 cells and happens quick so mutations
Conjugation - passes a copy of a plasmid to a nearby cell through a pilus
Transformation - pick up pieces of DNA from the environment or dead bacteria
Transduction - some receive new genetic material through viruses

43
Q

Where is Penicillin from and what does it do

A

It is from Fungi and is an antibiotic and doesn’t work on viruses

44
Q

What do helpful bacteria do

A

Natural recycling, Health and medicine, clean-up

45
Q

What is the problem with anti biotic overuse

A

Since bacteria reproduce so quickly, there is a high rate of mutation in the plasmid to create antibiotic-resistance. Since we keep overusing it it builds immunity faster.

46
Q
A

Bio Exam (5 decks)

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