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BIO 110 LAB > Diversity of life on Earth II > Flashcards

Diversity of life on Earth II Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 10 groups of organisms that we looked at in lab?

A
  • Chlorophytes
  • Nontracehophyte plants
  • Tracheophyte plants
  • Pterophytes
  • Gymnosperms
  • Angiosperms
  • Porifera
  • Cnidarians
  • Protosomes
  • Deuterostomes
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2
Q

What is the common feature for Chlorophytes?

A

-They have a unicellular embryo

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3
Q

What are examples of Chlorophytes?

A
  • Chlamydomonas

- Spirogyra

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4
Q

What is the unique feature of Chlamydomonas?

A

-They are Unicellular

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5
Q

What is the unique feature of Spirogyra?

A

-They are multicellular

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6
Q

What are Chlorophytes?

A
  • They are green algae

- So they use chlorophyll a,b and cartenoids

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7
Q

What is the common feature of Nontracehophytes?

A

-They do not have tracheids (specialized tissue for water transport)

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8
Q

What are examples of Nontracehophytes?

A
  • Marchantia (liverwort)

- Polytrichum (moss)

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9
Q

What is the unique feature fo Marchantia?

A

-They are flattened, lobe-like gametophyte

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10
Q

What is the unique feature for Polytrichum?

A

-They are leafy gametophytes

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11
Q

What are Nontracehophytes?

A
  • They are the simplest example for land plants

- SO they must have moist habitats to survive

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12
Q

What are the 3 categories of plants belong to the Tracheophyte group?

A
  • Lycophytes
  • Pterophytes
  • Seed-bearing vascular plants
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13
Q

What are Lycophytes?

A

-Club mosses that have roots, stems, & leaves

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14
Q

What is the common feature for Lycophytes?

A

-They have lycophyll type leaves= only have one unbranched vein

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15
Q

What is the example for Lycophytes?

A

-Selaginella

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16
Q

What is the unique feature for Selaginella?

A

-They have srobilus= club-shaped reproductive structure at the top of the plant that produces spores

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17
Q

What are Pterophytes?

A

-They are fern-like plants

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18
Q

What is the common feature for Pterophytes?

A

-They all have genetic similarities

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19
Q

What are examples of Pterophytes?

A
  • Whisk fern (psilotum)

- Fern

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20
Q

What is the unique feature for whisk ferns?

A
  • They lack leaves & don’t really have roots

- They also have a primitive vascular system

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21
Q

What is the unique feature for ferns?

A
  • They have reproductive structures= Sori

- They have very well developed vascular systems

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22
Q

What are Seed-Bearing plants?

A
  • They are the best adapted of all plants to terrestrial existence
  • They include 2 major groups= Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
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23
Q

What is the common feature for Gymnosperms?

A

-They are seeds that don’t bear fruits

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24
Q

What are examples of Gymnosperms?

A
  • Conifer (norfolk pine)
  • Cycad
  • Ginko
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25
Q

What is the unique feature of Conifers?

A
  • They are cones

- They are the closest to flowers of all the gymnosperms

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26
Q

What is the unique feature for Cycad?

A

-They have palm-like leaves

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27
Q

What is the unique feature for Ginko?

A

-They have fan-shaped leaves

28
Q

What are the common features for Angiosperms?

A
  • They produce flowers
  • They have xylem vessels & tracheids
  • And their seeds are enclosed in fruits
29
Q

What is does a Monophyletic group consist of?

A

-AKA clade
-It is a collection of organisms & their recent common ancestors
(reptiles & birds)

30
Q

What does a Paraphyletic group consist of?

A

-They have a recent common ancestor BUT not all descendants are included
(reptiles having a common ancestor but the bird descendants of that ancestor are left out

31
Q

What does a Polyphyletic group consist of?

A

-A group NOT including a common ancestor & all of its descendants
(mammals & birds)

32
Q

What are Porifera?

A
  • They are aquatic & inhabit the oceans

- They are also heterotrophic & reproduce sexually or asexually

33
Q

What is the common feature for Porifera?

A

-They lack tissue even tho they’re multicellular

34
Q

What are examples of Porifera?

A

-Sponges

35
Q

What is the basic body plan of a sponge?

A
  • They have 3 layers
  • The outer= epidermis
  • A jelly middle layer w/ amoeboid cells
  • Inner layer w/ cells w/ flagella
36
Q

What are Eumetazoans?

A
  • They have bodies made of cells organized into tissues

- The simplest of them have 2 layers of tissue while the more complex ones have 3 layers

37
Q

What kind of body symmetry would a 2-tissue layered animal have?

A

-Radial body symmetry= have bodies arranged around a central axis

38
Q

What kind of body symmetry would a 3-layered animal have?

A

-Bilateral body symmetry= have left/right symmetry= just 1 plane is running through their bodies

39
Q

What are Cnidarians?

A
  • They are salt-water creatures

- They are also heterotrophs via catching them w/ their tentacles

40
Q

What is the common feature of Cnidarians?

A
  • They have 2 tissue layers

- And have radial symmetry

41
Q

What are examples of Cnidarians?

A
  • Hydras
  • Jellyfish
  • Corals
42
Q

What is the body plan of Cnidarians?

A

-It can be Polyp or Medusa

43
Q

What are the 2 tissue layers of Cnidarians for?

A
  • The outer layer has cells specialized for protection & sensation
  • The inner layer=Gastrodermis has cells specialized for contraction & digestion. It also has 1 opening= both mouth & anus
44
Q

What are the 3 distinct layers for bilateral animals?

A
  • The outer layer= Ectoderm which is the outer layer of skin
  • The middle layer= Mesoderm which becomes muscles
  • The inner layer= Endoderm which helps w/ the digestive tract
45
Q

What are Protosomes?

A

-Radial animals

46
Q

What is the common feature for Protosomes?

A
  • The mouth develops first in the embryo

- Can be divided into a non-molting group and a molting group

47
Q

What are examples of the non-molting Protosomes?

A
  • Flatworms (planarians, tapeworms, trematode liver fluke)
  • Rotifers (Philodina)
  • Annelids (earthworms, leeches)
  • Mollusks (snails, clams, squids, octopus, chitons)
48
Q

What are the unique feature of Flatworms?

A
  • They are protosome Acoelomates
  • They have both excretory & reproductive organs
  • They have muscles & nerve cells
  • Have digestive primitive cavity
  • Is close enough to an environmental source of oxygen & a sink for CO2 & other wastes
  • Have sexual & asexual propagation
49
Q

What are the unique feature for Rotifers?

A
  • They are protosome Pseudocoelomates
  • They are more structurally complex than flatworms
  • They have body cavities & complete digestive systems that take in food all at once & push it out
  • They are smaller than paramecia
  • They are free living
50
Q

What are the unique features for Mollusks?

A
  • They are protosome Coelomate

- They have a foot, visceral mass (vital organs), & mantle (protective shell)

51
Q

What are the unique features for Annelids?

A
  • They are protosome Coelomates

- They consist of segmented worms

52
Q

What are the examples of molting Protosomes?

A
  • Nematodes (roundworms, Ascaris)

- Anthropods (horseshoe crabs, spiders, centipedes, scorpions, millipedes, various insects)

53
Q

What are the unique features of Nematodes?

A
  • They are protosome Pseudocoelomate
  • There are free-living & parasitic roundworms
  • They can damage plants by blocking the flow of water & soil nutrients
54
Q

What are the unique features of Anthropods?

A
  • They are protosome Coelomate
  • They comprise the largest animal phylum bc it contains insect species
  • They have jointed appendages
  • They are completely covered by exoskeleton of chitin
  • They have segmented bodies
  • They also have open circulatory systems
55
Q

What is the common feature for Deuterostomes?

A

-Their mouth develops 2nd in the embryo

56
Q

What are examples of Deuterostomes?

A
  • Echinoderms (sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars)

- Chordates (vertebrates= seahorses, frogs, snakes, lizards)

57
Q

What are the unique features of Echinoderms?

A
  • They are slow/ immobile that live on sea bottom
  • Their skin is covered in bumps/ spine extrudes
  • They have coeloms containing developed digestive systems
  • They are brainless
  • They have a water-vascular system
58
Q

What are the unique features of Chordates?

A
  • They have a notochord= flexible rod of tissue running down the animal’s back ventral to neural tube
  • They also have pharyngeal arches
  • And have hollow dorsal nerve tube
59
Q

What class of animals have 2 tissue layers & radial symmetry?

A

-Cnidarians

60
Q

What 8 classes of animals have 3 layer tissues & bilateral symmetry?

A
  • Flatworms
  • Rotifers
  • Annelids
  • Mollusks
  • Nematodes
  • Anthropods
  • Echinoderms
  • Chordates
61
Q

What class of animals have tissues but NOT radial symmetry?

A

-Poriferans

62
Q

Which 6 classes of animals are Protostomes?

A
  • Flatworms
  • Rotifers
  • Annelids
  • Mollusks
  • Nematodes
  • Anthropods
63
Q

Which 2 classes of animals are Deuterostomes?

A
  • Echinoderms

- Chordates

64
Q

Which 4 classes of animals are considered to be non-molting?

A
  • Flatworms
  • Rotifers
  • Annelids
  • Mollusks
65
Q

Which 2 classes are considered to be molting?

A
  • Nematodes

- Anthropods

66
Q

What differentiates Nematodes from Anthropods?

A

-Nematodes have pseudocoelom while Anthropods have coelom

67
Q

What differentiates Echinoderms from Chordates?

A

-Echinoderms have a water vascular system while Chordates have a notochord

BIO 110 LAB (14 decks)

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