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BIO 110 LAB > Diversity of life on Earth II > Flashcards

Diversity of life on Earth II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 10 groups of organisms that we looked at in lab?

A
  • Chlorophytes
  • Nontracehophyte plants
  • Tracheophyte plants
  • Pterophytes
  • Gymnosperms
  • Angiosperms
  • Porifera
  • Cnidarians
  • Protosomes
  • Deuterostomes
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2
Q

What is the common feature for Chlorophytes?

A

-They have a unicellular embryo

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3
Q

What are examples of Chlorophytes?

A
  • Chlamydomonas

- Spirogyra

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4
Q

What is the unique feature of Chlamydomonas?

A

-They are Unicellular

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5
Q

What is the unique feature of Spirogyra?

A

-They are multicellular

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6
Q

What are Chlorophytes?

A
  • They are green algae

- So they use chlorophyll a,b and cartenoids

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7
Q

What is the common feature of Nontracehophytes?

A

-They do not have tracheids (specialized tissue for water transport)

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8
Q

What are examples of Nontracehophytes?

A
  • Marchantia (liverwort)

- Polytrichum (moss)

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9
Q

What is the unique feature fo Marchantia?

A

-They are flattened, lobe-like gametophyte

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10
Q

What is the unique feature for Polytrichum?

A

-They are leafy gametophytes

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11
Q

What are Nontracehophytes?

A
  • They are the simplest example for land plants

- SO they must have moist habitats to survive

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12
Q

What are the 3 categories of plants belong to the Tracheophyte group?

A
  • Lycophytes
  • Pterophytes
  • Seed-bearing vascular plants
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13
Q

What are Lycophytes?

A

-Club mosses that have roots, stems, & leaves

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14
Q

What is the common feature for Lycophytes?

A

-They have lycophyll type leaves= only have one unbranched vein

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15
Q

What is the example for Lycophytes?

A

-Selaginella

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16
Q

What is the unique feature for Selaginella?

A

-They have srobilus= club-shaped reproductive structure at the top of the plant that produces spores

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17
Q

What are Pterophytes?

A

-They are fern-like plants

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18
Q

What is the common feature for Pterophytes?

A

-They all have genetic similarities

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19
Q

What are examples of Pterophytes?

A
  • Whisk fern (psilotum)

- Fern

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20
Q

What is the unique feature for whisk ferns?

A
  • They lack leaves & don’t really have roots

- They also have a primitive vascular system

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21
Q

What is the unique feature for ferns?

A
  • They have reproductive structures= Sori

- They have very well developed vascular systems

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22
Q

What are Seed-Bearing plants?

A
  • They are the best adapted of all plants to terrestrial existence
  • They include 2 major groups= Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
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23
Q

What is the common feature for Gymnosperms?

A

-They are seeds that don’t bear fruits

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24
Q

What are examples of Gymnosperms?

A
  • Conifer (norfolk pine)
  • Cycad
  • Ginko
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25
What is the unique feature of Conifers?
- They are cones | - They are the closest to flowers of all the gymnosperms
26
What is the unique feature for Cycad?
-They have palm-like leaves
27
What is the unique feature for Ginko?
-They have fan-shaped leaves
28
What are the common features for Angiosperms?
- They produce flowers - They have xylem vessels & tracheids - And their seeds are enclosed in fruits
29
What is does a Monophyletic group consist of?
-AKA clade -It is a collection of organisms & their recent common ancestors (reptiles & birds)
30
What does a Paraphyletic group consist of?
-They have a recent common ancestor BUT not all descendants are included (reptiles having a common ancestor but the bird descendants of that ancestor are left out
31
What does a Polyphyletic group consist of?
-A group NOT including a common ancestor & all of its descendants (mammals & birds)
32
What are Porifera?
- They are aquatic & inhabit the oceans | - They are also heterotrophic & reproduce sexually or asexually
33
What is the common feature for Porifera?
-They lack tissue even tho they're multicellular
34
What are examples of Porifera?
-Sponges
35
What is the basic body plan of a sponge?
- They have 3 layers - The outer= epidermis - A jelly middle layer w/ amoeboid cells - Inner layer w/ cells w/ flagella
36
What are Eumetazoans?
- They have bodies made of cells organized into tissues | - The simplest of them have 2 layers of tissue while the more complex ones have 3 layers
37
What kind of body symmetry would a 2-tissue layered animal have?
-Radial body symmetry= have bodies arranged around a central axis
38
What kind of body symmetry would a 3-layered animal have?
-Bilateral body symmetry= have left/right symmetry= just 1 plane is running through their bodies
39
What are Cnidarians?
- They are salt-water creatures | - They are also heterotrophs via catching them w/ their tentacles
40
What is the common feature of Cnidarians?
- They have 2 tissue layers | - And have radial symmetry
41
What are examples of Cnidarians?
- Hydras - Jellyfish - Corals
42
What is the body plan of Cnidarians?
-It can be Polyp or Medusa
43
What are the 2 tissue layers of Cnidarians for?
- The outer layer has cells specialized for protection & sensation - The inner layer=Gastrodermis has cells specialized for contraction & digestion. It also has 1 opening= both mouth & anus
44
What are the 3 distinct layers for bilateral animals?
- The outer layer= Ectoderm which is the outer layer of skin - The middle layer= Mesoderm which becomes muscles - The inner layer= Endoderm which helps w/ the digestive tract
45
What are Protosomes?
-Radial animals
46
What is the common feature for Protosomes?
- The mouth develops first in the embryo | - Can be divided into a non-molting group and a molting group
47
What are examples of the non-molting Protosomes?
- Flatworms (planarians, tapeworms, trematode liver fluke) - Rotifers (Philodina) - Annelids (earthworms, leeches) - Mollusks (snails, clams, squids, octopus, chitons)
48
What are the unique feature of Flatworms?
- They are protosome Acoelomates - They have both excretory & reproductive organs - They have muscles & nerve cells - Have digestive primitive cavity - Is close enough to an environmental source of oxygen & a sink for CO2 & other wastes - Have sexual & asexual propagation
49
What are the unique feature for Rotifers?
- They are protosome Pseudocoelomates - They are more structurally complex than flatworms - They have body cavities & complete digestive systems that take in food all at once & push it out - They are smaller than paramecia - They are free living
50
What are the unique features for Mollusks?
- They are protosome Coelomate | - They have a foot, visceral mass (vital organs), & mantle (protective shell)
51
What are the unique features for Annelids?
- They are protosome Coelomates | - They consist of segmented worms
52
What are the examples of molting Protosomes?
- Nematodes (roundworms, Ascaris) | - Anthropods (horseshoe crabs, spiders, centipedes, scorpions, millipedes, various insects)
53
What are the unique features of Nematodes?
- They are protosome Pseudocoelomate - There are free-living & parasitic roundworms - They can damage plants by blocking the flow of water & soil nutrients
54
What are the unique features of Anthropods?
- They are protosome Coelomate - They comprise the largest animal phylum bc it contains insect species - They have jointed appendages - They are completely covered by exoskeleton of chitin - They have segmented bodies - They also have open circulatory systems
55
What is the common feature for Deuterostomes?
-Their mouth develops 2nd in the embryo
56
What are examples of Deuterostomes?
- Echinoderms (sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars) | - Chordates (vertebrates= seahorses, frogs, snakes, lizards)
57
What are the unique features of Echinoderms?
- They are slow/ immobile that live on sea bottom - Their skin is covered in bumps/ spine extrudes - They have coeloms containing developed digestive systems - They are brainless - They have a water-vascular system
58
What are the unique features of Chordates?
- They have a notochord= flexible rod of tissue running down the animal's back ventral to neural tube - They also have pharyngeal arches - And have hollow dorsal nerve tube
59
What class of animals have 2 tissue layers & radial symmetry?
-Cnidarians
60
What 8 classes of animals have 3 layer tissues & bilateral symmetry?
- Flatworms - Rotifers - Annelids - Mollusks - Nematodes - Anthropods - Echinoderms - Chordates
61
What class of animals have tissues but NOT radial symmetry?
-Poriferans
62
Which 6 classes of animals are Protostomes?
- Flatworms - Rotifers - Annelids - Mollusks - Nematodes - Anthropods
63
Which 2 classes of animals are Deuterostomes?
- Echinoderms | - Chordates
64
Which 4 classes of animals are considered to be non-molting?
- Flatworms - Rotifers - Annelids - Mollusks
65
Which 2 classes are considered to be molting?
- Nematodes | - Anthropods
66
What differentiates Nematodes from Anthropods?
-Nematodes have pseudocoelom while Anthropods have coelom
67
What differentiates Echinoderms from Chordates?
-Echinoderms have a water vascular system while Chordates have a notochord

BIO 110 LAB (14 decks)

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