Diversity and Inclusion

Question 1

Why is diversity and inclusion important in sport and exercise context?

Answer 1

Sports are more diverse than ever before
- Socioeconomic status plays an important role in PA participation
- PERCENTAGE OF AMERICAN ADULTS WHO MEET MINIMUM PA GUIDELINES IS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

Question 2

What is diversity?

Answer 2

The presence of socially meaningful differences among members of a group
(Race , social class, gender, age)

Question 3

Diversity is not just?

Answer 3

Labels we use to describe people but also the meaning that is implicitly or explicitly tied to the definition.

Question 4

What are some important notes about diversity

Answer 4

While groups often differ in characteristic, there are almost always more differences WITHIN a group THAN between groups .

Question 5

What is inclusion?

Answer 5

The degree that people feel free to express their individuated self and have a sense of connectedness belonging to a group.

Question 6

What is culture?

Answer 6

Shared values, beliefs , and practices of an identifiable group of people - it includes race, ethnicity, gender , language, spiritually, sexuality, and physically.

Question 7

What is the difference between an inclusive group and non inclusive groups?

Answer 7

Inclusive - you feel included , free to be yourself and not worried about fitting in
Non Inclusive - You do not always feel included - feel you cant be your self always being teased.

Question 8

How can people exist in many different cultures?

Answer 8

Culture of the university you attend
Culture of your ethnic or religious background
Culture of sports teams

Question 9

What is enculturation?

Answer 9

The socialization process in which an individual acquires the skills and qualities needed to be a member of ones own group

Question 10

What is acculturation?

Answer 10

Involves attitudinal and behavior changes associated with living in cultures that differ from ones own, or when one lives or works in a multicultural society where several exist side by side

Question 11

What is cultural competence

Answer 11

It deals with action and advocacy
- involves recognizing culturally based differences as well as interfacing and working effectively with people from cultures different than you own.

Question 12

What are the three key components to cultural competence?

Answer 12

1. Cultural awareness
    Understanding of one’s own cultural beliefs, attitudes, values, and biases
2. Cultural knowledge
    Knowledge and understanding of other cultures
3. Cultural skills
    Ability to communicate and interact in a culturally appropriate way

Question 13

What is implicit bias?

Answer 13

Preferences we have that we may not be consciously aware of.
(Preferences about gender, age, race, etc)
EVERYONE has preferences , becoming AWARE of them is an important step in becoming a culturally competent professional.

Question 14

What area of research is the largest for diversity and inclusion?

Answer 14

Gender and sexuality

Question 15

What does the research say about gender and sexuality?

Answer 15

 Differences between men and women are influenced by gender-role stereotypes and
expectations
 Some stereotypes by society portray some activities as masculine/for men vs others as
feminine/ for women  influences behavior/ perceptions
 Parental socialization practices contribute to females’ lower perceptions of competence
and lower interest in sport
 Being aware of stereotypes can negatively affect participation/ performance

Question 16

What has lagged behind in woman sports

Answer 16

Woman participation has increased, but woman in leadership positions hasnt

A lack of women in sport leadership results from macro-level or societal factors
(e.g., sport leadership viewed as masculine) and micro-level factors (e.g., low
self-efficacy)

Question 17

What are the macro level factors affecting woman in sport leadership positions?

Answer 17

less access to social capital, perceived as compliant, institutional discrimination, sport leadership viewed as masculine, less favorable leadership expectation, institutional practices, societal expectations.

Question 18

What are the most severe incidents of discrimination in sports ?

Answer 18

Sexual Prejudice, it occurs based on sexual orientation and gender.

Question 19

How do we combat sexual prejudice?

Answer 19

Develop clear policies that discrimination will not be tolerated
Provide educational training that addresses topics such as heterosexism, and transgender prejudice
Eliminate both blatant and more subtle sexist language.

Question 20

Understand benefits of sport and physical activity participation for those with disabilities.

Answer 20

more opportunities available today for those with disabilities than ever before
People with disabilities experience vast physical, psychological and social benefits

Question 21

What are the three barriers for people with disabilities?

Answer 21

Individual-Level Barriers
- The disability itself and symptoms
- Lack of knowledge
- fear of failing
Social - Level Barriers
- Dependance on others for involvement
- Lack of understanding of how to adapt activities
- Lack of friend who participate
Environmental barriers
- Limited number of places to participate
Built environmental barriers

Question 22

What are 4 ways for working with people with disabilities?

Answer 22

Make sport more inclusive and open for people with intellectual and physical disabilities
2. Increase public awareness and education on the importance of sport and physical activity for
these participants
3. Be aware of potential biases
* Important to judge based on what they can do, NOT what we think they can do
4. Think creatively to overcome potential barriers that may block people with disabilities from
participation

Question 23

What is weight bias?

Answer 23

stigmatization and negative stereotyping result in
obese individuals being:
 Less likely to engage in physical activity and
 More likely to engage in unhealthy eating habits
and behaviors
 With overweight individuals, Professionals must
 Recognize their own biases and
 Focus on health benefits vs weight outcomes

Question 24

Understand how race and ethnicity plays a role in sport and physical activity participation.

Answer 24

While stereotypes of African Americans being
superior athletically may work favorably at times,
they are also stereotyped as being less
intellectually capable
 Intergroup conflict, stereotypes, and prejudice may
arise between two marginalized groups (e.g.,
African Americans and Hispanics)
  ALL racial groups should be aware of
diversity issues and actively work to create
inclusive environments

Question 25

What are the 3 strategies for diversifying sport and physical activity and creating inclusive environments

Answer 25

1. Become culturally aware
2. Become a culturally competent communicator
3. Use strategies to create welcoming environments and culturally competent interventions.