Diversity

Question 1

3 culture-bound assumptions about mental health and illness (Lewis-Fernandez & Kleinman)

Answer 1

egocentricity of the self
mind-body dualism
culture is superimposed on knowable biological realities

Question 2

____% of people worldwide use some form of alternative therapy, whereas ___% of Americans

Answer 2

Worldwide: 80% use alternative therapy
US: 33%

Question 3

which of the following is most important: cultural awareness, knowledge, or skills

Answer 3

they are all equally important

Question 4

therapeutic surrender

Answer 4

when a client from another culture opens up and trusts the counselor

Question 5

% of non-White clients who don’t return to counseling after the first session

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

_____ is the biggest predictor of the ability to be introspective

Answer 6

SES

Question 7

social disruption

Answer 7

worsening of performance in the presence of others

football player does worse when his gf watches

Question 8

social facilitation

Answer 8

enhancement of performance when others are present

owner watches dog groomer

Question 9

____-Americans have the lowest rate of seeking counseling

Answer 9

Asian

Question 10

just-world hypothesis

Answer 10

the tendency to attribute consequences or expect consequences due to a universal force that restores moral balance
“all things happen for a reason”

Question 11

According to Milgram’s shock research, _____ the distance between teacher and learner results in ____ obedience.

Answer 11

decreasing the distance between them results in less obedience

Question 12

dispositional vs situational attribution

Answer 12

dispositional - attributes behavior to personality traits

situational - attributes behavior to external factors and the specific situation

Question 13

___ Americans are the most likely to conform. ___ Americans are the least likely

Answer 13

Asian-Americans are the most likely to conform
White/European Americans are the least likely to conform

… this seems like a stereotype

Question 14

deindividuation

Answer 14

people engaging in uncharacteristic behavior when in a large group
(fans storming the field)

Question 15

_____’s work is known as the Stanford Prison Experiment. _____’s work involved participants delivering shocks. ____ studied conformity.

Answer 15

prisoners/guards - Zimbardo
shocks/obedience to authority - Milgram
conformity - Asch

Question 16

social loafing

Answer 16

people are less productive in groups

Question 17

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 17

the more people are present, the less likely any one person will take responsibility for helping someone in need

Question 18

adaptive conservatism

Answer 18

the evolutionary principle that creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different

Question 19

_____ in his study, called ____ demonstrated that you can get a group to work cooperatively by asking them to work on a shared goal, which reduced prejudices between rivaling groups

Answer 19

Sherif’s Robbers Cave study (1961)

group of 5th graders and divided them into two teams, they competed, then he brought them back together.

Question 20

special populations

Answer 20

different from minorities (which are usually oppressed/discriminated against) in that members of special populations share related trauma or problematic life situations
they are diverse groups of people whose needs are unique to their situation
(ex: ex-felons)

Question 21

cultural intuition

Answer 21

the immediate knowledge, sensation, connection, and rapport that a counselor may experience when encountering clients from their own culture

Question 22

feelings of mistrust that Native Americans may feel towards Whites and the U.S. government is called

Answer 22

historical hostility

Question 23

cultural racism

Answer 23

the societal belief and customs that promote the assumption that the dominant culture/majority group is superior in comparison to minority groups and cultures

Question 24

individual racism

Answer 24

one person has attitudes or beliefs that support a personal theory that their race is better than others.

Question 25

marginalized

Answer 25

when a group of people is denied access to resources as a form of oppression

Question 26

which 2 racial groups may avoid eye contact as a sign of respect?

Answer 26

Asian Americans

Latinx

Question 27

____ and ____ developed the MMPI

Answer 27

Hathaway and McKinley

Question 28

in a skewed distribution (but smooth) the ___ is the best measure of central tendency

Answer 28

median

Question 29

who developed stress inoculation training?

Answer 29

Meichenbaum

Question 30

Krumboltz’s 4 career determinants

Answer 30

Genetic endowment
Environmental conditions and events
Instrumental and associative learning experiences
Task approach skills

Question 31

scales - which one…
goes Bad ———- Good
asks Agree [ ] or Disagree [ ]
gets progressively extreme

Answer 31

place a mark between two dichotomous adjectives Bad ——- Good = semantic differential

Agreeing or disagreeing with a statement - Thurstone scale

gets progressively extreme = Guttman

Question 32

KEY DIFFERENCE between experimental and non-experimental designs is the absence of _____

Answer 32

sampling

Question 33

stratified vs. quota sampling vs. cluster

Answer 33

stratified is random
quota is like stratified but without randomization
cluster sampling identifies existing subgroups and not individual participants

Question 34

correlations may be misleading if the measures used are unreliable. This is known as ____

Answer 34

attenuation

Question 35

____ % of first marriages end in divorce

____ % of second marriages end in divorce

Answer 35

50% of first

70% of second

Question 36

career maturity

Answer 36

the ability to plan, explore, and make decisions about career based on a knowledge of the world of work

Question 37

career maturity vs. adaptability

Answer 37

maturity - the ability to plan, explore, and make decisions about career based on a knowledge of the world of work
vs. adaptability - coping with transitions/challenges

Question 38

Ginzberg + Ginsburg + Axelrad + Herma’s theory (career development) stages

Answer 38

Fantasy - play and imagination influence career
Tentative - really considering careers based on many factors
Realistic - make realistic choices