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CPCE > Career > Flashcards

Career Flashcards

1
Q

Super’s theory has how many stages?

A 
5, with 16 sub-stages
Growth
Exploration
Establishment
Maintenance
Disengagement (or Decline)
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2
Q

Holland’s types are stable/not stable across gender lines, racial lines, and time

A

stable across gender and racial lines and time

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3
Q

Albert Bandura

A

influenced Social Cognitive Career Theory
self-efficacy
people are more likely to improve their performance in areas in which they are interested and as a result have positive learning experiences
personal characteristics and circumstances influence vocational choice; counselors can help clients overcome the circumstances

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4
Q

Bandura’s ‘destiny idea’

A

the idea that people with differing self-efficacy beliefs perceive the world differently
people with high self-efficacy have an internal locus of control
people with low self-efficacy have an external locus of control

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5
Q

Bandura’s Triadic Reciprocal Model of Causality contains these elements:

A

Personal determinants
Environmental determinants
Behavioral determinants

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6
Q

Super, ____, and ____ (along with ___, ____, and ____) are developmental career theorists

A

Gottfredson, Ginzberg along with Ginsburg, Herma, Axelrad

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7
Q

Gottfredson’s theory is ____ and involves _____

A

developmental theory
circumscription (eliminating career alternatives)
compromise (adolescents give up dream career alternatives for those that are less compatible but more accessible)
self-creation (people have the ability to improve their career options and integrate their self-concept into decision making)

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8
Q

According to Gottfredson (a developmental theorist), what is the order in which people will sacrifice prestige, interest, and gender roles when making a compromise?

A

interest goes first
prestige goes second
gender role goes last

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9
Q

____ believed that sublimation was the method by which we choose our career

A

Brill

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10
Q

Roe, Brill, and Holland are ____ career theorists

A

personality

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11
Q

Ginzberg’s theory is ____ and includes ____ stages

A

developmental theory
3 stages:
Fantasy (play and imagination influence career ideas)
Tentative (adolescents; 4 substages: interests, capacity, value, transition)
Realistic (age 17-early 20s; exploration, crystallization, specification)

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12
Q

First ____ said career decisions were irreversible; later he said that they were reversible.

A

Ginzberg

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13
Q

dual-income families have ___ income than single-income families

A

higher

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14
Q

___, ____, ____, and ____ are decision career theorists

A 
Gelatt
Katz
Hershenson
Tiedeman
O'Hara
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15
Q

_____ was an adult developmental career theorist who coined the term ‘teachable moment’

A

Havinghurst

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16
Q

chronic hassles

A

according to Schlossberg’s career transition theory, these are continuous and pervasive hassles (e.g., a long commute)

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17
Q

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

prevented employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, and religion

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18
Q

Roe’s career theory is based on which theorist and is what kind of theory that involves classifying ____’s relation to ______

A

Freud (and is sort of like Maslow because it involves satisfying needs)
it’s a personality theory that involves classifying parental relationship’s relation to occupations

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19
Q

Roe’s theory has ____ groups and ____ levels

A 
8 groups (e.g., service, technology, business contact, outdoor, organization)
6 levels (e.g., professional and managerial 1 and 2, semiprofessional and small business, skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled)
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20
Q

career counseling was born out of what?

A

OK, some sources say matching soldiers to appropriate jobs during World War I
(but NOT WWII)
others say it was a result of the Industrial Revolution and social reform movements

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21
Q

Frank Parson’s famous book was called

A

Choosing a Vocation

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22
Q

Super changed his terminology from career ____ to career _____

A

changed from career maturity to career adaptability

more important that a person can adapt to changes than master predictable developmental tasks (mature)

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23
Q

Super’s 5 vocational development tasks

A

Crystallization (setting a general vocational goal)
Specification (set a more specific career goal)
Implementation (get training for a particular job)
Stabilization (using skills to do a job)
Consolidation (ages 35+ - having an established career with experience, status, advancement, seniority)

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24
Q

Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Herma, and Axelrad believed these 4 factors influenced vocational choice

A

the reality factor
educational process
the emotional factor
personal values

25
Q

____, ____, and ____ created their social cognitive career theory based on the work of ____

A

Lent, Brown, and Hackett

based on Bandura

26
Q

in Gottfredson’s idea of circumscription, there are ___ stages. They involve orientation to what?

A 
4 stages
orientation to size and power
orientation to sex roles
orientation to social valuation
orientation to the internal unique self
27
Q

____ describes your “self image” as your “career anchor”

A

Edgar Schein

“Schein’s Career Anchors” says that insight, competency, and motivation becomes a person’s career anchor

28
Q

who established the Boston Vocational Bureau in 1908?

A

Frank Parsons

29
Q

What was the first career-guidance organization?

A

National Vocational Guidance Association
(NVGA) which changed to National Career Guidance Association is part of ACA

(NVGA was also part of the APGA when ACA was that)

30
Q

the Smith-Hughes National Vocational Education Act of 1917 provided what for career guidance?

A

provided federal funds for career guidance

called for isolating career information from the rest of the academic cirriculum

31
Q

What happened as a result of the National Defense Education Act (NDEA)?

A

expanded K-12 counselor ed programs by giving $$ to grad students
(a result of Sputnick - i.e. ‘defense’)

32
Q

School-to-Work Act of 1994

A

allowed students to work and go to school (and use it as credit)
helped students prepare for college

33
Q

_____ is the “father” of career guidance. ____ is the “pioneer and forerunner”

A

Frank Parsons = father

George A. Merrill = pioneer & forerunner

34
Q

____ developed the career maturity inventory and had thoughts about work adjustment

A

John Crites

35
Q

who created the theory of vocational choice?

A

Holland

36
Q

who created the social learning theory of career counseling?

A

Krumboltz

37
Q

who developed computerized vocational systems, like CVIS, DISCOVER, and VISIONS?

A

Joanne Harris-Bowlsbey

38
Q

Career counselors refuse to provide services to a client via the Internet who…

A

will not self-identify

39
Q

career counselors don’t use technology to _____ if it has not been solicited

A

to advertise services

40
Q

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

A

established the minimum wage
standards for overtime
prohibited employment of minors

41
Q

Which Act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities?

A

ADA of 1990

42
Q

career salience is ___ and involves these 3 factors:

A

career salience is the importance a person places on the role of career in relationship to other life roles
3 factors:
participation - spending time/energy
commitment - emotional attachment to work role
value expectation - satisfaction gained

43
Q

expressed interests vs
manifest interests vs
tested interests

A

expressed interests - spoken
manifest interests - observable through the activities in which people engage
tested interests - reflected by how much a person knows about a topic

44
Q

who was the first career theorist to consider career adaptability?

A

Super

45
Q

occupational stress is the chronic what kind of strain that results from ongoing job stressors?

A

psychological

46
Q

3 stages of burnout:

A
  1. emotional exhaustion
  2. depersonalization (detach from job; develop cynicism and indifference)
  3. reduced personal accomplishment (self-efficacy goes down and as a result so does performance)
47
Q

career _____ is liked to mental, behavioral, and physical symptoms

A

burnout

48
Q

trait and factor career theory is influenced by ___ and ____

A

Frank Parsons and

Edmund G. Williamson

49
Q

what are the 5 basic traits/factors that make up the gaining self-understanding stage of trait-and-factor interventions?

A 
aptitude
interests
values
personality
achievement
50
Q

the Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) is a _____ theory that was developed by ____ and ____ and involves terms like satisfactoriness and satisfaction

A

TWA is a trait and type theory

developed by Dawis and Lofquist

51
Q

correspondence (in career theory)

A

a term from TWA

the degree to which the individual and the work environment continue to meet each others’ needs

52
Q

to adjust to work, clients can either engage in activeness or reactiveness. What does this mean?

A

Activeness - make changes to the work environment

Reactiveness - make changes in themselves

53
Q

in Holland’s theory, what does congruence mean? What does consistency mean?

A

congruence means how similar a person’s type is to their work environment type
consistency means how close their Holland letters are to each other on the hexigon

54
Q

In Holland’s theory, what does differentiation mean?

A

differentiation is calculated by subtracting the lowest score of your type from the highest score of your type. it shows you how much you favor one type. UNdifferentiated people have a hard time making career choices

55
Q

who made a values-based theory of career?

A

Duane Brown

56
Q

_____ believed that people could engage in _____, or go back to a career stage that they had been in before

A

Super believed people could engage in recycling, or going back to a career stage they’ve been in before

57
Q

how many life roles did Super acknowledge?

A

9

58
Q

one of Super’s most important contributions was his emphasis on the role that ____ plays in a person’s career

A

self-concept

59
Q

Which 3 theorists were career transition theorists? (technically developmental)

A

Nancy Schlossberg - anticipated transitions, unanticipated transitions, chronic hassles, non-events
(being sloshed at work all the time is a chronic hassle!)
Hopson and Adams - 7 stages (added involuntary and voluntary transitions)
(hope to a new career!)

CPCE (9 decks)

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