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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

azetazolamide

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2
Q

osmotic diuretic

A

mannitol

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3
Q

Na/K/2Cl blockers (name 2)

A

furosemide

ethacrynic acid

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4
Q

Na/Cl blocker

A

hydrochlorothiazide

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5
Q

ENaC inhibitor

A

amiloride

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6
Q

aldosterone antagonists (name 2)

A

spironolactone

eplerenone

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7
Q

vasopressin antagonist

A

tolvaptan

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8
Q

ENaC is potassium _______ (sparing/wasting)

A

sparing

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9
Q

for hypertension, first line is ________ diuretics

A

thiazide

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10
Q

for edematous states, first line is _________ diuretics

A

loop

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11
Q

most diuretics are aimed at ________ ECFV by _________

A

reducing

excreting sodium

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12
Q

what stimulates the thirst response?

A

high osmolality of blood

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13
Q

immobile interstitial volume

A

bone
transcellular
dense connective tissue

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14
Q

the end game for diuretics is to ________

A

change the steady state (in=out) to a lower volume of body fluid

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15
Q

the phenomenon whereby diuretics cause a temporary increase in Na/H20 excretion with decrease in body weight, but then stabilize at a new steady state is called ________

A

diuretic braking

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16
Q

increases luminal sodium

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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17
Q

alkalinizes the urine

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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18
Q

increase in sodium to the DCT macula dense cells leads to ____________

A

increased EA relaxation and subsequent decrease in GFR

diuretic braking

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19
Q

can treat metabolic alkalosis

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

increase bicarb excretion in urine

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20
Q

can treat Acute Mountain Sickness

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

reduce accumulation of CO2

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21
Q

topically, can treat glaucoma

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

reduce production of aqueous humor

22
Q

renal stones
metabolic acidosis
cross hypersensitivity with sulfonamides

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

but usually well tolerated

23
Q

secreted by OATS into tubular lumen

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics

24
Q

loop diuretics decreasing potassium back leak leads to______

A

decreased Ca and Mg reabsorption

25
Q

inhibits Na sensing mechanism in macula densa

A

loop diuretics

26
Q

diuretic braking for loop diuretics is via _________

A

release of PGs and NO from macula dense, leading to increase in renin (and Na retention)

27
Q

site of action: PT

A

CAIs

28
Q

site of action: TALH

A

loop diuretics

29
Q

first choice for hypertension with CHF

A

loop diuretic

30
Q 
hypokalemia
arrhythmias r/t lyte depletion
hypotension
ototoxicity
hyperuricemia
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF
A

loop diuretics

31
Q

decrease morbidity and mortality in HF patients

A

loop diuretics

32
Q

increase luminal sodium and chloride

A

thiazides

33
Q

decreases calcium excretion

A

thiazides

can use to treat hypercalciuria (prevent renal stones)

34
Q

side of action: DCT

A

thiazides

35
Q

___________ are frequently given with thiazides to minimize hypokalemia

A

ACE inhibitors

36
Q 
hypokalemia
hypercalcemia
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF
A

thiazides

37
Q

decrease morbidity and mortality in pts with HF AND HTN

A

thiazides

38
Q

increased luminal _______ in the collecting duct causes potassium excretion

A

sodium

MOA at principal cells

39
Q

increased luminal _______ in the collecting duct causes H+ excretion

A

potassium

MOA at alpha-intercalated cells

40
Q

secreted by OCT in PT

A

ENaC blockers

41
Q

site of action: late DCT & CD

A

ENaC blockers

Aldosterone antagonists

42
Q

Aldosterone antagonists are most effective when ________ levels are high

A

aldosterone (activated RAAS)

43
Q

compared to spironolactone, eplerenone has decreased risk of _________

A

gynecomastia

44
Q

given in conjunction with thiazide or loop diuretics to prevent loss of K+

A

ENaC blockers

aldosterone antagonists

45
Q

reduces morbidity and mortality in HF when given in combo with loop or thiazide

A

aldosterone antagonists

46
Q

not absorbed in the GI, must be given IV to be filtered into the kidney

A

mannitol

47
Q

site of action: water permeable segments of nephron, mainly DLH

A

osmotic diuretics

48
Q

used to reduce intracranial or intraocular pressure perioperatively

A

osmotic diuretics

49
Q

site of action: CD

A

vasopressin (ADH) antagonists

50
Q

used to treat SIADH

A

vasopressin antagonists

Pharmacology Exam 3 (10 decks)

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