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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Antihistamines > Flashcards

Antihistamines Flashcards

1
Q

chlorpheniramine

A

1st generation

in OTC cold meds

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2
Q

diphrenhydramine

A

(Benadryl)
1st generation
anti-motion sickness
OTC sleep aid

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3
Q

dimenhydrinate

A

(Dramamine)
1st generation
anti-motion sickness

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4
Q

loratadine

A

(Claritin) 2nd gen

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5
Q

ceterizine

A

(Zyrtec) 2nd gen

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6
Q

fexofenadine

A

(Allegra) 2nd gen

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7
Q

cromolyn sodium

A

mast cell stabilizer

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8
Q

histamines are referred to as an _________, a compound that is released and acts locally in periphery

A

Autacoid

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9
Q

Which receptor subtype is in the smooth muscle, endothelium, and CNS?

A

H1

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10
Q

Which receptor is in the vascular smooth muscle?

A

H2

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11
Q

what drug stimulates histamine release?

A

opioids

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12
Q

what drug blocks histamine release?

A

epinephrine/cromolyn (epi pen)

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13
Q

In the endothelium, binding to the H1 receptor causes:

A

increase of NO and cGMP

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14
Q

effect (symptoms) of histamine stimulating peripheral nerve endings

A

itching

pain

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15
Q

effect (symptoms) of histamine in the CNS

A

wakefulness
appetite
body temperature

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16
Q

which of the following conditions is NOT primarily histamine-mediated?
Anaphylaxis
Urticaria
Allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis

A

Anaphylaxis

17
Q

which generation of antihistamines penetrates the BBB (more CNS effects)?

A

1st generation

18
Q

In addition to H1 receptor, 1st generation antihistamines also block __________ receptors, with related side effects.

A

cholinergic

also…
muscarinic (vision changes)
alpha-adrenergic (tachycardia)
serotonin

19
Q

Antihistamines have no demonstrated effect in treating ____________, ___________ and ____________.

A

the common cold (but anticholinergic effects in 1st gen drugs dry up secretions)

anaphylaxis

asthma

20
Q

2nd generation are effective at treating:

A

allergic rhinitis
allergic conjunctivitis
urticaria

21
Q

1st generation are effective at treating:

A

motion sickness

insomnia

22
Q

which drug won’t work as well if you drink grapefruit/apple juice?

A

fexofenadine

23
Q

which generation of drugs has the longer half life?

A

2nd gen (12-24 hours)

24
Q

antihistamines have a ________ distribution and is cleared by the _________

A

wide

kidney

25
Q

contraindications to 1st gen

A

impaired liver or kidney function

elderly

pregnant/lactating

neonates/children

Pharmacology Exam 3 (10 decks)

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