Diuretics Flashcards
What are the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Acetazolamide, Mannitol
What are the loop diuretics?
Furosemide
What are the thiazides?
Hydrochlorothiazide
What are the K Sparing Diuretics?
Spironolactone, Amiloride-Triamterene
What are the ADH Receptor Antagonists
Conivaptan, Demeclocycline
What is the MOA of Acetazolamide?
Inhibit carbonic anhydrase in PCT, inhibiting bicarbonate dehydration > H2O and CO2
When would you use Acetazolamide?
Glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis
What are the side effects of Acetazolamide?
Nausea, vomiting, CNS depression, paresthesia, teratogenic; may cause blood acidosis
What is the MOA of Mannitol?
Osmotic diuretic in PCT/DL; extracts intracellular water
When would you use Mannitol?
Cerebral edema
What are the side effects of Mannitol?
Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, volume depletion; may cause fluid overload in CHF
What is the MOA of Furosemide?
Inhibits Na/K/2Cl carrier; increases excretion of Na, L, Cl, Ca, Mg, H2O
What are the side effects of Furosemide?
H’s: hyponatremia, hypotension, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypochloremic alkalosis, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia; potential ototoxicity
When would you use Furosemide?
Acute CHF/Pulm edema, renal failure, hypercalcemia
What is the MOA of Hydrochlorothiazide?
Inhibits Na/Cl cotransporter; increases excretion of Na, K, Cl, Mg, H2O; PTH reabsorbs Ca from DT
When would you use Hydrochlorothiazide?
Edema, hypertension, CHF, renal failure
What are the side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide?
H’s: hyponatremia, hypotension, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypochloremic alkalosis, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia; increased LDL
What is the MOA of Spironolactone?
Competitive antagonist of aldosterone, loss of Na, H2O and retention of K
When would you use Spironolactone?
Conn’s, Secondary Aldosteronism from CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
What are the side effects of Spironolactone?
Nausea, ulcers, drowsiness, hyperkalemia, antiandronergic
What is the MOA of Amiloride-Tiamterene?
Blocks luminal Na channels
When would you use Amiloride-Tiamterene?
With other diuretics to prevent hypokalemia
What are the side effects of Amiloride-Tiamterene?
NVD, rash, headache, hyperkalemia
What is the MOA of Conivaptan?
ADH receptor blocker, decreases water reabsorption by inhibiting ADH V2 receptor
When would you use Conivaptan?
SIADH, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency
What are the side effects of Conivaptan?
Hypokalemia, IV injection rxns
What is the MOA of Demeclocycline?
Antagonizes ADH by inhibiting cAMP concentration; good PO
When would you use Demeclocycline?
SIADH
What are the side effects of Demeclocycline?
Diabetes insipidus, renal failure, photosensitivity under 12 y/o
