Antianemics Flashcards
What is the MOA of Ferrous Sulfate?
PO; iron supplement to replace iron lost in anemia; via emesis induction or lavage
When would you use Ferrous Sulfate?
Microcytic anemia with low iron levels; required 3-6mo to get iron levels back to normal
What are the side effects of Ferrous Sulfate?
Acute iron toxicity: NVD, GI pain, necrotizing gastroenteritis, shock, hypovolemia, heart/liver/renal failure due to free iron (reactive and free radical-producing); bad in kids
What is the MOA of Iron Dextran?
IM; iron supplement replaces iron lost in anemia; via emesis induction or lavage
When would you use Iron Dextran?
Microcytic anemia with low iron levels; used when PO doesnt work due to malabsorption
What are the side effects of Iron Dextran?
Acute iron toxicity: NVD, GI pain, necrotizing gastroenteritis, shock, hypovolemia, heart/liver/renal failure due to free iron (reactive and free radical-producing); bad in kids
What is the MOA of NaHCO3?
Converts free iron in GI to FeCO3
When would you use NaHCO3?
Iron toxicity; acidosis, fluid loss, and shock associated with iron toxicity
What is the MOA of Deferoxaine?
IV; chelates iron by forming H2O soluble feroxamine > excreted in urine
When would you use Deferoxaine?
Iron Toxicity; acidosis, fluid loss, and shock associated with iron toxicity
What are the side effects of Deferoxaine?
Allergic rxns, GI disturbances; Not used in pregnancy or renal dysfunction
What is the MOA of Folic Acid?
Replaces lack of folic acid in body
When would you use Folic Acid?
Macrocytic anemia with low folic acid; Give 600-800mcgs vs 400mcgs in pregnancy to counteract neural tube defects
What are the side effects of Folic Acid?
Methotrexate, trimethroprim, oral contraceptives, alcohol, phenobarbital, and phenytoin interfere with folic acid action
What is the MOA of Vitamin B12?
Replaces lack of B12 in the body; usually not PO
When would you use Vitamin B12?
Macrocytic anemia with low B12; usually a malabsorption problem; need Intrinsic Factor for absorption
What is the MOA of Erythropoietin?
Replaces lack of erythropoietin in body > stimulation of RBC production; given IV/SC
When would you use Erythropoietin?
Anemia associated with chronic disease (CRF/ACD)
What are the side effects of Erythropoietin?
Hypertension, thrombotic complications; must have enough iron for it to work
What is the MOA of Filgrastim?
Enhances production of neutrophils > enhanced mobilization of hematopoietic SCs to blood > increase in WBCs
When would you use Filgrastim?
Recovery from chemo/AIDS/Txp immunosuppression
What are the side effects of Filgrastim?
Bone pain, splenomegaly, enzyme changes (LDH, AP, aminotransferases)
What is the MOA of Sargramostim?
Stimulates growth of SCs into granulocytes and macrophages
When would you use Sargramostim?
Accelerates myeloid recovery in chemo, bone marrow txp, AIDS to reduce potential for systemic infection
What are the side effects of Sargramostim?
Fever, bone pain, myalgias, fluid retention; higher doses > pleural/pericardial effusions, capillary leak syndrome
What is the MOA of Oprelvekin (IL-11)?
Stimulates growth of megakaryocytes > increased platelets
When would you use Oprelvekin (IL-11)?
Treats thrombocytopenias in non-myeloid cancers
What are the side effects of Oprelvekin (IL-11)?
Fatigue, headache, dizziness, dyspnea, atrial arrhythmias
