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CRP > Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the no-drug alternative to antihypertensives?

A

Na restriction, weight loss, no caffeine, smoking, stress

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2
Q

What is the MOA of HCTZ?

A

Decrease blood volume and PR; vasodilation due to less Na/Ca

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3
Q

When would you use HCTZ?

A

Hypertension

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4
Q

What are the side effects of HCTZ?

A

The H’s

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5
Q

What is the MOA of beta blockers?

A

Decrease CO, renin via B1

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6
Q

When would you use beta blockers?

A

Hypertension; reduces LVH; better in younger patients

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7
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

Cardiac depression, broncoconstriction, CNS depression, increased CNS outflow

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Labetalol?

A

Block Alpha-1 and NS beta, decreasing PR and CO

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9
Q

When would you use Labetalol?

A

Hypertensive emergencies and pheochromocytoma

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10
Q

What are the side effects of Labetalol?

A

Negative effects when alpha and beta blockade combined

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Carvedilol?

A

Block Alpha-1 and NS beta, decreasing PR and CO

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12
Q

When would you use Carvedilol?

A

Hypertensive emergencies and pheochromocytoma

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13
Q

What are the side effects of Carvedilol?

A

Negative effects when alpha and beta blockade combined

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14
Q

What is the MOA of Prazosin?

A

Blocks Alpha-1, decreasing PR, preload, afterload

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15
Q

When would you use Prazosin?

A

CHF, Hypertension

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16
Q

What are the side effects of Prazosin?

A

Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia/increased CNS outflow, impotence

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17
Q

What is the MOA of Clonidine?

A

Decrease NE release, decreasing CO, renin, BP, and HR; increase PNS/vagal tone

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18
Q

When would you use Clonidine?

A

Hypertension

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19
Q

What are the side effects of Clonidine?

A

CNS sedation/depression, dry mouth, decrease HR/Na/H2O retention

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20
Q

What is the MOA of Methyldopa?

A

Alpha-2 agonist

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21
Q

When would you use Methyldopa?

A

Hypertension; safe in pregnancy usually with diuretic

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22
Q

What are the side effects of Methyldopa?

A

CNS sedation, GI, hemolytic anemia maybe

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23
Q

What is the MOA of Hydralazine?

A

Arteriolar vasodilation, activates baroreceptor/RAA reflexes

24
Q

When would you use Hydralazine?

A

Hypertension; used as triple therapy with diuretic and beta blocker

25
Q

What are the side effects of Hydralazine?

A

Edema, flushing, headache, reflex tachycardia; high first pass acetylation; resembles lupus

26
Q

What is the MOA of Minoxidil?

A

Arteriolar vasodilation by opening K channels and hyperpolarizing SM

27
Q

When would you use Minoxidil?

A

Last effort for hypertension; used as triple therapy with diuretic and beta blocker

28
Q

What are the side effects of Minoxidil?

A

Reflex tachycardia, Na/H2O retention, hirsutism (hair growth)

29
Q

What is the MOA of Nitroprusside?

A

Vasodilation via Fe/CN/NO complex which activates MLCK/MLC; fast acting and light sensitive

30
Q

When would you use Nitroprusside?

A

Hypertensive crisis

31
Q

What are the side effects of Nitroprusside?

A

Hypotension, reflex tachycardia; antidote= sodium thiosulfate

32
Q

What is the MOA of Diazoxide?

A

Ateriolar vasodilation by opening K channels and hyperpolarizing SM

33
Q

When would you use Diazoxide?

A

Hypertensive crisis; given IV bolus over 10 min, 24 hr HL

34
Q

What are the side effects of Diazoxide?

A

Hypotension, reflex tachycardia, Na/H2O retention

35
Q

What is the MOA of Verapamil?

A

Decrease Hr and AV conduction via Ca blockade

36
Q

When would you use Verapamil?

A

Hypertension

37
Q

What are the side effects of Verapamil?

A

Decreased contractility, maybe CHF; dose-dependent bradycardia; use cautiously with beta blockers > CHF and heart block

38
Q

What is the MOA of Diltiazem?

A

Decrease HR and AV conduction via Ca blockade

39
Q

When would you use Diltiazem?

A

Hypertension

40
Q

What are the side effects of Diltiazem?

A

Decreased contractility, maybe CHF; dose-dependent bradycardia; use cautiously with beta blockers > CHF and heart block

41
Q

What is the MOA of Nifedipine?

A

Arteriolar dilator; Ca blocker with no cardiac effect

42
Q

When would you use Nifedipine?

A

Hypertension

43
Q

What are the side effects of Nifedipine?

A

MI, reflex tachycardia, nausea, lightheadedness, dizziness, headache, peripheral edema (CHF, pulmonary)

44
Q

What is the MOA of Captopril?

A

Decrease Angiotensin II by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, increase bradykinin, both cause vasodilation; rapid onset

45
Q

When would you use Captopril?

A

Hypertension, CHF; PO bioavailability decreased with food

46
Q

What are the side effects of Captopril?

A

Cough, wheezing, angioedema; do not use in 2-3 trimester or those with bilateral renal stenosis

47
Q

What is the MOA of Enalapril?

A

Decrease Angiotensin II by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, increase bradykinin, both cause vasodilation; prodrug which forms enalaprilat, QD

48
Q

When would you use Enalapril?

A

Hypertension, CHF

49
Q

What are the side effects of Enalapril?

A

Cough, wheezing, angioedema; do not use in 2-3 trimester or those with bilateral renal stenosis

50
Q

What is the MOA of Lisinopril?

A

Decrease Angiotensin II by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme, increase bradykinin, both cause vasodilation; slow onset, QD

51
Q

When would you use Lisinopril?

A

Hypertension, CHF

52
Q

What are the side effects of Lisinopril?

A

Cough, wheezing, angioedema; do not use in 2-3 trimester or those with bilateral renal stenosis

53
Q

What are the ACE inhibitors?

A

Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril

54
Q

What is the MOA of Losartan?

A

Aka ARB; Inhibits AT-1, blocking AT-2

55
Q

When would you use Losartan?

A

Hypertension

56
Q

What are the side effects of Losartan?

A

Similar to ACE inhibitors but NOT IN PREGNANCY

CRP (10 decks)

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