Diuretics Flashcards
What is the purpose of diuretics and where do they work?
Purpose: lower BP and volume and decrease edema. They work in promixmal convulutes tubule, loop of henle, distal convuluted tubule, and collecting duct.
What are the types of diuretics?
potassium wasting, potassium sparing, and diuretic plus anti htn
Where to thiazide diuretics work and what do they do?
They work in the DCT and they exrete
Na, K, Mg, Cl, and H2O but reabsorb Ca. They cause vasodilation
What are some side effects of thiazide diuretics?
Low K, Cl, Mg, High Ca, glucose, lipids, dizzziness, orthostatic hypotension
Where do loop diuretics work and what do they cause?
They work in the loop of henle and they cause excretion of Na, H2O, K, Ca, Mg, and can cause increase uric acid, bun and creat and ortho hypotension
Where do osmotic diuretics work and what do they do?
Work in PCT, they increase sodium osmolality, they prevent renal failure, increase intraoccular pressure and intracranial pressure
What is a contraindication of an osmotic diuretic?
Crystals in vial= solution is too cold. Also NOT for htn
Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work and how?
They work in the PCT and block carbonic anhydrase enzymes which are needed to maintain acid base balance.
What are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for and what do they cause?
For chronic open angle glaucoma, high altitude sickness, and cause excretion of NA, K, and bicarb
Where do potassium sparing diuretics work and how?
They work in the collecting duct and prmote Na and H20 excretion while reabsorbing potassium
What is furosemide (lasix) for and how does it work?
Its for edema, HTN, and nephrotic syndrome and it inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption in the loop of henle, PCT, and DCT
What is Mannitol for and how does it work?
Its to diuresis, treat oliguric phase of AKI, decrease ICP and cerebral edema and excrete toxic substances. It increases osmolality of glomerular filtrate and inhibits tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes (osmotic diuretic)
What is acetaolamide (diamox) for and how does it work?
For edema from CHF, open angle glaucoma, and high altitude sickness. It inhibits carbonic anhydrase and reduces hydrogen ions in renal tubule.
What is spironolactone (aldactone) for and how does it work?
It manages high aldosterone levels, edema r/t CHF, essential HTN and hypokalemia. It works by antagonizing DCT aldosterone receptions and causes excretion of sodium and bicard while reabsorbing K.
