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Pharmacology test 1 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

0
Q

What does the contraction of the heart depend on?

A

Intracellular calcium

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1
Q

What do inotropic drugs affect?

A

Myocardial contraction
+ increases contraction with stimulation and increases HR
- weakens the force of muscular contractions

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2
Q

What do chronotropic drugs effect?

A

Heart rate
+ increases HR and workload
- decreases HR and workload

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3
Q

What do dromotropic drugs effect?

A

Electrical conduction
+ increases conduction impulses
- decreases conduction impulses

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4
Q

What do phosphodiesterase inhibitors do and what kind of effect do they have?

A

They treat heart failure and have a positive inotropic effect
They increase contractility, decrease after load and preload, and vasodilates

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5
Q

What do vasodilators do and how do they work?

A

They decrease venous return to the heart, decrease preload, decrease after load, widen blood vessels and cause a decreased vascular resistance and increased blood for

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6
Q

Where do vasodilators act?

A

Locally or in the vasomotor center of the brain

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7
Q

What do ace inhibitors do?

A

They dilate venous and arteriole beds, decrease afterload and preload
They block the angioconverting enzyme

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8
Q

What do antianginal medications do?

A

Treat angina, reduce hearts O2 demand, and block coronary vasospasms

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9
Q

What do nitrates do?

A

Cause a generalized vascular and coronary vasodilation on coronary arteries and venous vessels

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10
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do?

A

Decrease workload of heart, decrease contractility, afterload, HR, conduction, treat angina, atrial dysrhythmias, and htn
They inhibit the influx of calcium

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11
Q

What are side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

Hypotension, reflex tachycardia, edema, liver and kidney function

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12
Q

What do antidysrhythmics do?

A

Slow ion influx which affects cardiac action potential and slows repolarization
Decreases excitability of cardiac muscle

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13
Q

What do sodium channel blockers treat?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias by decreasing excitability

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14
Q

What do anticoagulants do?

A

They prevent thrombus formation by inhibiting the action of thrombin

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15
Q

What does thrombin do?

A

Converts fibrogen from converting to fibrin

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16
Q

What is low molecular weight heparin?

A

A derivative of heparin that is a more stable dosing based on weight.nit requires less monitoring and is only given for 7-10 days (Lovenox)

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17
Q

What do oral anticoagulants do?

A

They inhibit vitamin k synthesis and affect clotting factors

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18
Q

Why would oral anticoagulants be given?

A

Prophylaxis clotting for afib, PE, and thrombophlebitis

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19
Q

What do anti platelets do?

A

Suppress platelet aggregation, prevent MIs and CVAs

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20
Q

What do thrombolytics do?

A

Breaks down clots

They concert plasminogen to plasmin which destroys fibrin clots

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21
Q

What are thrombolytics indicated for?

A

Acute MI, ischemic CVAS, extremity clots, PE, open clotted devices, and picc lines

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22
Q

What is the time frame to give thrombolytics to with an MI?

A

Within 4 hours

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23
Q

What is the time frame to give thrombolytics to for an ischemic cva?

A

3 hours

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24
Q

What do statins do?

A

Inhibit cholesterol, lowers LDL and triglycerides

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25
Q

What is hyperlipemia?

A

Excess of lipids in blood

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26
Q

What do peripheral vasodilators do?

A

Increase blood flow to extremities, vasodilates

For intermittent claudication, PAD, PVD, raynauds

27
Q

What is digoxin for and how does it work?

A

For CHF, a fib, a flutter

It inhibits sodium and potassium pump, increases myocardial contraction, decreases conduction through SA and AVA nodes,n

28
Q

What is digoxin contraindicated with?

A

Ventricular dysrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block, and low potassium

29
Q

What is inamrinone (Inocor) for and how does it work?

A

For CHF pts who do not respond to normal treatment

It is a positive inotropic agent that vasodilates

30
Q

What is milrinone lactate (Primacor) for and how does it works?

A

For CHF patients who do not respond to normal treatment

It vasodilates and inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase

31
Q

What does tracleer (Bosentan) do and what is it for?

A

It is for pulmonary hypertension and dilates pulmonary vessels
It’s an endothelium receptor antagonist

32
Q

What is nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) for and what does it do?

A

It is for relief of angina and it vasodilates and relaxes vascular smooth muscle

33
Q

What are some teaching points with nitroglycerin?

A

Do not swallow, store in cool dark place, decomposes when exposed to heat and light, refill every three months

34
Q

What does isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) do and what is it for?

A

It prevents angina related to CAD, and vasodilates, reduces left ventricular pressure, and blood pooling

35
Q

What does isosorbide dinitrate (isordil) do and what is it for?

A

It is for preventing and treating angina and it vasodilates and reduces LV pressure

36
Q

What is nifedipine (procardia) and what is it for?

A

It treats htn, angina, and it is a calcium channel blocker

37
Q

What does Gemfibrozil (Lopid) do and what is it for?

A

It lowers triglycerides and increased HDL and treats hypertriglyceidemia

38
Q

What is Niacin (Niaspan) and what does it do?

A

It is an antihyperlipedemic and it treats high cholesterol

39
Q

What is Simvastatin (Zocor) and what is it used for?

A

It is an antihyperlipidemic and it is for high cholesterol and familial high cholesterol

40
Q

What is Avorastatin (Lipitor) for and what does it do?

A

It is an antihyperlipidemic and it works by inhibiting enzymes that catalyze cholesterol, thus lowering LDL and raising HDL

41
Q

What are some side effects of avorastatin (Lipitor)

A

Rhabdomylosis, increased CK, renal failure

42
Q

What is Alteplase (tPA) and how does it work?

A

It is a thrombolytic aggent that binds to fibrin to break down clots from acute MIs, ischemic stroke, and PE

43
Q

How is tPA given?

A

IV bolus over 30 minutes and then hang on a drip for 60 minutes

44
Q

What are some important interventions for tPA?

A

Monitor bloodwork and risk for bleeding, monitor neuro status for cerebral bleeding and cardiac rhythms, and start heparin.

45
Q

What is Cilostazol (Pletal) and what does it do?

A

It is an antiplatelet that inhibits platelet aggregation but will also vasodilate.

46
Q

What should be avoided with cilostazol (pletal)?

A

Grapefruit juice

47
Q

What is clopidogrel (Plavix) and what does it do?

A

It is an antiplatelet that reduces atherosclerotic events and STEMIs

48
Q

What is Ticlodipipine (Ticlid) and what does it do?

A

It is an antiplatelet that reduces the risk of stroke

49
Q

What is aspririn and what does it do?

A

It is an antiplatelet for pain, fever, and TIA, Stroke, and MI prophylaxis

50
Q

What is contraindicated with aspirin use?

A

NSAID induced asthma, bleeding disorders, viral infections

51
Q

What is warfarin (coumadin) and how does it work?

A

It is an anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K synthesis

52
Q

What are some interventions and things to monitor with coumadin?

A

Monitor PT (10-14), INR (2-3), give in the evening, start prior to d/c heparin, watch for drug interactions, teach about bleeding risks, avoid aspirin and NSAIDs

53
Q

What is enoxaparin sodium (lovenox) and what is it for?

A

It is a low molecular weight heparin derivitive that works as an anticoagulant to prevent and treat DVTs and PEs

54
Q

What is heparin and what is it used for?

A

It is an anticoagulant that inhibits thrombosis and prevents DVT, PE, stroke, clot, afib

55
Q

What is the antidote for heparin?

A

Protamine Sulfate

56
Q

What is a side effect of heparin?

A

Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count)

57
Q

What is adenocard (adenosine) and what is it for?

A

It is an antiarhythmic that slows the AV node conduction and prolongs repolarization to treat rapid atrial rhythms

58
Q

What can happen when giving adenocard (adenosine) and what are interventions with this medication?

A

A brief period of asystole may occur so have a crash cart ready, be on cardiac monitor, and monitor ABC’s

59
Q

What is amiodarone (Cordarone) and what is it for?

A

It is an antidysrhytmic thatincreases cardiac action potential while decreasing HR to treat vfib events or vtach

60
Q

What are some interventions with amiodarone (Cordarone)?

A

It has a long half life so watch for toxicity and do NOT give lightly

61
Q

What is lidocaine (Xylocaine) and what is it for?

A

It is an antiarrhythmic sodium channel blocker that works for ventricular dysrhythmias

62
Q

What is verapamil (Calan) and what is it for?

A

It is a calcium channel blocker that treats angina, HTN, and atrial tachycardias

63
Q

What is amlodipine (Norovasc) and what is it for?

A

It is a calcium channel blocker for HTN, CAD, and angina

64
Q

What is diltiazem (Cardizem) and what is it for?

A

It is a calcium channel blocker for tachy dysrhytmias, HTN

Pharmacology test 1 (6 decks)

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