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Pharmacology test 1 > Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Antihypertensives Flashcards

0
Q

What does alpha 2 and beta 2 do?

A

Increases vasodilation and relaxes, decreases bp/blood flow, inhibits norepinephrine release, decrease GI motility and tone

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1
Q

What does alpha 1 and beta 1 cause?

A

Increased contraction, heart rate, and BP, dilates pupils, renin secretion

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2
Q

What does beta 2 effect specifically?

A

Breathing

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3
Q

What does catecholamine cause?

A

A sympathetic response and constriction

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4
Q

What are the 2 kinds of catecholamine and examples?

A

Endogenous- epinephrine, dopamine

Synthetic- dobutamine, isoproterenol

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5
Q

What do adrenergic antagonists do?

A

Blocks effects of adrenergic neurotransmitter, blocks alpha and beta sites directly, and inhibits release of epinephrine and norepinephrine indirectly (does opposite of beta and alpha cells

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6
Q

What do alpha adrenergic blockers do?

A

Inhibit a response at the alpha receptor site and promotes vasodilation
Selective blockers block only alpha 1
Nonselective blocks alpha 1 and 2

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7
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

Nonselective blocks both

Selective blocks only beta 1 and has less side effects

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8
Q

What type of medication decreases NSAIDS effects?

A

NSAIDs- they interfere with prostaglandin in nephrons and activate RAAS

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9
Q

What do centrally acting alpha 2 agonists do?

A

Decrease norepinephrine and vasodilates blood vessels, decreases tone and mobility in GI tract
Can cause sodium and water retention

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10
Q

What do ace inhibitors do?

A

Block ACE; angiotensin 1 never converts so it vasodilates

Also decreases potassium excretion and can cause cough

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11
Q

What do angiotension 2 receptor blockers do?

A

Blocks receptor site of angiotension 2, so causes vasodilation. It has less side effects than ACE inhibitors

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12
Q

What does a direct renin inhibitor do?

A

The drug binds to renin and blocks the RAAS cascade

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13
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do?

A

Blocks calcium influx into cells when the heart muscle is depolarizing thus decreasing hr, BP, and it dilates
Can cause edema and bradycardia

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14
Q

What can calcium channel blockers also be given for besides hypertension?

A

Tachy arrhythmias like rapid a fib

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15
Q

What do direct acting arteriolar vasodilators do?

A

Directly acts on vascular walls and vasodilates arterial and venous vessels (usually a last resort drug)

16
Q

What is epinephrine indicated for?

A

Allergic reactions, to strengthen contraction and vasoconstrict, bronchodilate, and inhibit release of histamine

17
Q

What does epinephrine interact with?

A

Beta blockers and digoxin

18
Q

What is the antidote for epinephrine?

A

Phentolamine mesylate (Regitine)

19
Q

What is minipress (Prazosin) for and how does it work?

A

Manage htn and blocks alpha 1 receptors

20
Q

What is propanolol (Inderal) for and how does it work?

A

Angina, arrhythmias, htn, and hf

It is a non selective beta blocker that decreases the workload of the heart

21
Q

What is metoprolol (Lopressor) for and how does it work?

A

It treats htn, long term angina, and HF

It is a selective beta blocker

22
Q

What is atenolol (Tenormin) for and how does it work?

A

It is for htn, angina, and acute MI

it is a selective beta blocker

23
Q

What is clonidine (catapress) for and how does it work?

A

Treats htn and stimulates alpha 2 receptors

24
Q

What is captopril (Capoten) for and how does it work?

A

For htn management, CHF, and MI

It inhibits ACE

25
Q

What is enalapril (Vasotec) for and how does it work?

A

HTN and HF

It is an ACE inhibitor

26
Q

What is losartan (Cozaar) for and how does it work?

A

Treat htn, reduce stroke risk

It’s an ARB (angiotension 2 receptor blocker)

27
Q

What is tekturna (aliskiren) and how does it work?

A

Treats HTN

it directly inhibits renin

28
Q

What does diltiazem do and what is it for?

A

It is a calcium channel blocker and it’s for htn and managing chronic stable angina

29
Q

What does nifedipine do and what’s it for?

A

It is a calcium channel blocker and for htn and vasospastic angina

30
Q

What does amlodipine (norvasc) do and what is it for?

A

It is a calcium channel blocker and for htn and CAD

31
Q

What is nitroprusside (Nipride) for and what does it do?

A

It is for immediate BP reduction and directly dilates vessels

Pharmacology test 1 (6 decks)

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