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BLOCK POSTING > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

What are the 5 major classes of diuretics?

A
  1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors\n2. Loop diuretics\n3. Thiazide diuretics\n4. Potassium-sparing diuretics\n5. Osmotic diuretics
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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Inhibit carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule, reducing bicarbonate reabsorption and increasing urinary bicarbonate, sodium, and water excretion.

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4
Q

Give an example of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

A

Acetazolamide

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5
Q

What are the clinical uses of acetazolamide?

A
  1. Glaucoma\n2. Acute mountain sickness\n3. Metabolic alkalosis
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6
Q

Name 3 common loop diuretics.

A
  1. Furosemide\n2. Bumetanide\n3. Torsemide
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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?

A

Inhibit the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle, reducing sodium, potassium, chloride, and water reabsorption.

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8
Q

What are the key side effects of loop diuretics?

A
  1. Hypokalemia\n2. Ototoxicity\n3. Dehydration\n4. Metabolic alkalosis
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9
Q

Name 2 common thiazide diuretics.

A
  1. Hydrochlorothiazide\n2. Chlorthalidone
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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

A

Inhibit the Na+/Cl- symporter in the distal convoluted tubule, reducing sodium and chloride reabsorption.

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11
Q

What are the clinical uses of thiazide diuretics?

A
  1. Hypertension\n2. Edema\n3. Nephrolithiasis (calcium stones)
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12
Q

Name 2 potassium-sparing diuretics that are aldosterone antagonists.

A
  1. Spironolactone\n2. Eplerenone
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13
Q

Name 2 potassium-sparing diuretics that are sodium channel blockers.

A
  1. Amiloride\n2. Triamterene
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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aldosterone antagonists?

A

Block aldosterone receptors in the collecting duct, reducing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.

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15
Q

What are the key side effects of spironolactone?

A
  1. Hyperkalemia\n2. Gynecomastia\n3. Menstrual irregularities
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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics?

A

Increase osmotic pressure in the nephron, preventing water reabsorption in the proximal tubule and descending loop of Henle.

17
Q

Give an example of an osmotic diuretic.

A

Mannitol

18
Q

What are the clinical uses of mannitol?

A
  1. Cerebral edema\n2. Acute glaucoma\n3. Acute kidney injury (to prevent anuria)
19
Q

What is a contraindication for mannitol use?

A

Congestive heart failure (due to risk of pulmonary edema)

BLOCK POSTING (17 decks)

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