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BLOCK POSTING > ANTI EMETICS > Flashcards

ANTI EMETICS Flashcards

1
Q

What is nausea? An unpleasant sensation of abdominal discomfort accompanied by a desire to vomit.

A
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2
Q

What is vomiting? The expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth

A

often linked to nausea.

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3
Q

What stimulates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata? Dopamine and acetylcholine.

A
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4
Q

What is the purpose of vomiting as a mechanism? It is protective

A

triggered by noxious stimuli to remove harmful substances.

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5
Q

What are emetics? Drugs used to induce vomiting

A

typically in cases of poisoning with non-corrosive agents.

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6
Q

What is the active ingredient in ipecac syrup? Emetine.

A
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7
Q

How does emetine induce vomiting? By direct irritation of the upper gut and by stimulating the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the medulla.

A
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8
Q

What are adverse effects of emetics? Prolonged vomiting

A

aspiration

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9
Q

What are antiemetics? Drugs used to relieve nausea and vomiting by acting on the vomiting center

A

CTZ

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10
Q

Which is more effective: prophylaxis or treatment with antiemetics? Prophylaxis is generally more effective.

A
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11
Q

What are phenothiazines? Neuroleptics such as chlorpromazine that block dopamine receptors at the CTZ and vomiting center.

A
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12
Q

What are indications for phenothiazines? Nausea and vomiting induced by drugs

A

radiation therapy

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13
Q

What are antihistamines (e.g.

A

promethazine

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14
Q

What is a common side effect of antihistamines? Drowsiness

A

especially troublesome for travelers.

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15
Q

What is metoclopramide? A drug with central and peripheral antiemetic effects.

A
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16
Q

What is the central mechanism of metoclopramide? It antagonizes dopamine in the CTZ.

A
17
Q

What is the peripheral mechanism of metoclopramide? It stimulates acetylcholine release

A

increasing gastric emptying (useful in GERD).

18
Q

What is the bioavailability of metoclopramide? IM: 74-96%

A

PO: 65-95%.

19
Q

What is the onset time for metoclopramide? IV: 1-3 min

A

IM: 10-15 min

20
Q

What is scopolamine? An anticholinergic drug effective for motion sickness-induced nausea and vomiting.

A
21
Q

What is ondansetron? A serotonin antagonist (5-HT3) effective in controlling chemically induced nausea and vomiting.

A
22
Q

Where are 5-HT3 receptors found? On afferent vagus nerve fibers and parts of the brain associated with the CTZ.

A
23
Q

What is the primary use of ondansetron? To control nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy

A

surgery

BLOCK POSTING (18 decks)

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