diuretics

Question 1

segment of the loop extremely impermeable to water

Answer 1

Thick ascending limb

Question 2

what is the MOA of Furosemide

Answer 2

• inhibits NKCC transporter, reducing the absorption of Na
• increases excretion of Mg and Ca
• induces prostaglandin synthesis

Question 3

how does furosemide relieve pumonary congestion

Answer 3

by increasing systemic venous capacitance through increased prostaglandin synthesis

Question 4

what diuretics cause hypokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis

Answer 4

loop diuretics

Question 5

furosemide is labeled for use in what animals

Answer 5

• cats
• dogs
• cattle
• horses

Question 6

DOG for rapid mobilization of edema fluid arising from HF, liver dz, etc

Answer 6

furosemide

Question 7

used in the treatment of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuric nephropathy in dogs and cats

Answer 7

furosemide

Question 8

this drug can be combined w/ mannitol to maintain urine flow in severe oliguria and renal failure

Answer 8

furosemide

Question 9

used to prevent excercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage and epistaxis in race horses

Answer 9

furosemide

Question 10

administration of furosemide

Answer 10

oral and parenteral

Question 11

furosemide excretion

Answer 11

kidney; half life is dependant on renal function

Question 12

the ______ induced by furosemide diuresis potentiates ______ toxicity

Answer 12

digitalis

Question 13

at what site do Thiazides inhibit Na transport, causing diuresis

Answer 13

distal convoluted tubule “distal diluting site”

Question 14

how do thiazides work

Answer 14

inhibit Na/Cl symporter, causing tubular urine to become dilute

Question 15

why can action of thiazides be inhibited by NSAIDs

Answer 15

their effect is dependent on prostaglandin synthesis

Question 16

what drug is used in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP)

Answer 16

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 17

what drug is used as a long ter diuretic therapy in dogs and cats w/ HF & prevents calcium oxalate uroliths

Answer 17

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 18

what is the use for Chlorothiazide

Answer 18

FDA approved for use in the treatment of dairy cattle post-partum udder edema

Question 19

what part of the nephron do K+ sparing diuretics work

Answer 19

cortical collecting duct

Question 20

K+ sparing diuretics are ______ antagonists

Answer 20

aldosterone

Question 21

what drug is used in CHF (unreponsive to furosemide), hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome & severe ascites

Answer 21

Spironolactone

Question 22

what drug has to be metabolized in the liver into its active metabolite

Answer 22

spironolactone

Question 23

spironolactone is typically combined with what other drug(s)

Answer 23

furosemide or a thiazide

Question 24

contraindication of spironolactone

Answer 24

patients on ACE inhibitors and ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers)

Question 25

diuretic that can only be administered IV

Answer 25

mannitol

Question 26

mannitol is filtered but not reabsorbed by the ....

Answer 26

kidneys

Question 27

what does mannitol do

Answer 27

keeps water in tubules --> produces water diuresis

Question 28

what are the uses of mannitol

Answer 28

* prophylaxis of acute renal failure * reduce IOP * reduce intracranial pressure * protect kidney against neprhotoxic substances

Question 29

adverse effects of mannitol

Answer 29

* extracellular volume expansion * might cause pulmonary edema in HF * headache, V+, nausea * dehydration and hypernatremia

Question 30

how do CA inhibitors work

Answer 30

* inhibit CA in luminal membranes of the proximal tubule cells * blocks HCO3 reabsorption * reduces Na+ reabsorption * increases Na/K exchange

Question 31

what is the use of Acetazolamide

Answer 31

* **reduce rate of aqeous humor production** in dogs/cats w/ glaucomas (given 2-3xday) * **adjunct in treatment of HYPP**

Question 32

what drug is classified as a diuretic but not used as one

Answer 32

Acetazolamide

Question 33

Acetazolamide contraindications

Answer 33

* hepatic cirrhosis (b/c decreases excretion of ammonia) * sulfonamide hypersensitivity

Question 34

what diuretics cause acidosis, which cause alkalosis

Answer 34

* acidosis: potassium sparing & CA inhibitors * alkalosis: loop diuretics & thiazides