diuretics Flashcards
segment of the loop extremely impermeable to water
Thick ascending limb
what is the MOA of Furosemide
- inhibits NKCC transporter, reducing the absorption of Na
- increases excretion of Mg and Ca
- induces prostaglandin synthesis
how does furosemide relieve pumonary congestion
by increasing systemic venous capacitance through increased prostaglandin synthesis
what diuretics cause hypokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis
loop diuretics
furosemide is labeled for use in what animals
- cats
- dogs
- cattle
- horses
DOG for rapid mobilization of edema fluid arising from HF, liver dz, etc
furosemide
used in the treatment of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuric nephropathy in dogs and cats
furosemide
this drug can be combined w/ mannitol to maintain urine flow in severe oliguria and renal failure
furosemide
used to prevent excercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage and epistaxis in race horses
furosemide
administration of furosemide
oral and parenteral
furosemide excretion
kidney; half life is dependant on renal function
the ______ induced by furosemide diuresis potentiates ______ toxicity
digitalis
at what site do Thiazides inhibit Na transport, causing diuresis
distal convoluted tubule “distal diluting site”
how do thiazides work
inhibit Na/Cl symporter, causing tubular urine to become dilute
why can action of thiazides be inhibited by NSAIDs
their effect is dependent on prostaglandin synthesis
what drug is used in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP)
Hydrochlorothiazide
what drug is used as a long ter diuretic therapy in dogs and cats w/ HF & prevents calcium oxalate uroliths
Hydrochlorothiazide
what is the use for Chlorothiazide
FDA approved for use in the treatment of dairy cattle post-partum udder edema
what part of the nephron do K+ sparing diuretics work
cortical collecting duct
K+ sparing diuretics are ______ antagonists
aldosterone
what drug is used in CHF (unreponsive to furosemide), hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome & severe ascites
Spironolactone
what drug has to be metabolized in the liver into its active metabolite
spironolactone
spironolactone is typically combined with what other drug(s)
furosemide or a thiazide
contraindication of spironolactone
patients on ACE inhibitors and ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers)
diuretic that can only be administered IV
mannitol
mannitol is filtered but not reabsorbed by the ….
kidneys
what does mannitol do
keeps water in tubules –> produces water diuresis
what are the uses of mannitol
- prophylaxis of acute renal failure
- reduce IOP
- reduce intracranial pressure
- protect kidney against neprhotoxic substances
adverse effects of mannitol
- extracellular volume expansion
- might cause pulmonary edema in HF
- headache, V+, nausea
- dehydration and hypernatremia
how do CA inhibitors work
- inhibit CA in luminal membranes of the proximal tubule cells
- blocks HCO3 reabsorption
- reduces Na+ reabsorption
- increases Na/K exchange
what is the use of Acetazolamide
- reduce rate of aqeous humor production in dogs/cats w/ glaucomas (given 2-3xday)
- adjunct in treatment of HYPP
what drug is classified as a diuretic but not used as one
Acetazolamide
Acetazolamide contraindications
- hepatic cirrhosis (b/c decreases excretion of ammonia)
- sulfonamide hypersensitivity
what diuretics cause acidosis, which cause alkalosis
- acidosis: potassium sparing & CA inhibitors
- alkalosis: loop diuretics & thiazides
