DIT Days 1-2 Flashcards
1
Q
amitriptyline
A
inhibits NE reuptake
2
Q
amphetamine
A
stim NE release
3
Q
black widow spider toxin
A
stimulates Ach release
4
Q
Botulinum toxin
A
inhibits Ach release
5
Q
bretylium
A
inhibits NE release
6
Q
cocaine
A
inhibits NE reuptake
7
Q
guanethidine
A
inhibits NE release
8
Q
hemicholinium
A
inhibits choline transport
9
Q
reserpine
A
inhibits NE packaging
10
Q
vesamicol
A
inhibits Ach packaging
11
Q
Gi
A
inhibits AC
dec cAMP
less activation of Protein Kinase A
12
Q
Gq
A
activates Phospholipase C
PIP2–> IP3 and DAG
IP3–> inc Ca
DAP–> activates Protein Kinase C
13
Q
Gs
A
stimulates AC
increases cAMP
activates Protein Kinase A
14
Q
Gi agonists
A
M2
a2
D2
15
Q
Gq agonists
A
H1 M1
a1 M3
V1
16
Q
Gs agonists
A
B1 B2 H2 V2 D1
17
Q
Vd
A
Dose given IV/ Conc in plasma
18
Q
Clearance
A
rate of elimination/plasma conc
19
Q
Clearance
A
.7xVd/ half life
20
Q
Clearance
A
KxVd
21
Q
Loading dose
A
concentration steady state/ Vd
22
Q
Maintenance dose
A
concentration stead state x CL
23
Q
what embryo structure serves as a secondary E source?
A
endodermal yolk sac
24
Q
what embryo structure serves as a reservoir of nonspecialized undifferentiated stem cells?
A
endodermal yolk sac
25
FQ teratogen
cartilage damage
26
cyclophosphamide teratogen
ear/facial anomalies, limb hypoplasia, absent digits
27
thalidomide teratogen
phocomelia
28
preg category X drugs
MTX, statins, warfarin, isotretinoin, DES, thalidomide
29
what is embryo origin of tissue proximal to pectinate line?
endoderm
30
what is embryo origin of tissue distal to pectinate line?
surface ectoderm
31
how are all cyclins degraded?
ubiquitin protein ligase
32
cyclinD binds which CDK?
CDK4; phosphorylates Rb, (G1 to S)
33
cyclin A binds what?
CDK2--> mitotic prophase (G2--> Mphase)
34
cyclin B binds what?
CDK1- activated by cdc25--> initiates mitosis (G2-->M phase)
35
cyclin E binds whiat?
CDK2; (G1--> S)
36
which AA are found in nuclear localization sigs?
PALS: proline, arginine, lysine
37
cytokeratin stain
carcinomas
38
glial fibrillary acid proteins GFAP stain
stains glioblastoma (astrocyte, schwann, neuroglia)
39
neurofilaments stain
neuroblastoma (axons with neurons)
40
vimentin stain
sarcomas (conn tissue fibroblasts, luekocytes, endothelium)
41
what drugs act on MT?
```
Mts Get Construe Very Poorly
Mebendazole
Griseofulvin
colchicine
vincristine/vinblastine
paclitaxel
```
42
Kartagener syndrome triad
bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, sinus inversus + infertility
43
I Cell disease deficiency
phosphotransferase- tags lysosomal enzymes with mannose 6 phosphate
44
plasma proteins 2 abundant substances?
protein and phospholipids
45
zileuton inhibits
lipoxygenase
46
zafirlakast and montelukast inhibit
luekotriene rec
47
NK cells induce pop in cells infected with virus with what 2 substances?
perforin
| granzyme B
48
what damaging events cause irreversible cell injury?
```
Ca influx
damage to mem
rupture lysosome
mito perm
pyknosis, karyorex, karyolysis
```
49
what enzymes are responsible for handling oxygen free rads?
catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione
50
metalloproteinase contain what mineral?
zinc
51
what protein facilitates rec mediated endocytosis?
clathrin
52
which metals gen free rads?
iron, copper
53
collagen AA?
glycine, proline, hydroxyproline
54
elastin AA?
glycine, proline
55
Vit C role in collagen production?
hydroxylation of Lysine and proline
56
myometrial growth in pre hyperplasia or hypertrophy?
hypertrophy
57
what is a lipofuscin granule?
residual pigment from incomplete free rads lipid oxidation
58
what AA are modified in golgi?
serine, threonine, asparagine, tyrosine
59
chiari malformation abnormalities found?
1. syringomyelia
| 2. myelomeningocele and hydrocephaly
60
syringomyelia findings?
bilateral loss of pain and temp in upper extreme
| weakness in hand
61
anencephaly lab value
hi AFP- neural tube defect
62
cleft origin
ectoderm
63
arches origin
mesoderm
64
pouch origin
endoderm
65
blood brain barrier
non fenestrated endothelial cells with tight junk, basement me, astrocyte foot processes
66
TX2
prothrombotic, inc platelet agg, inc vasc tone, inc bronchial tone
67
CN Nuclei in medulla
9, 10, 12
68
CN nuclei in pons
5, 6, 7, 8
69
CN nuclei in midbrain
3, 4
70
conditions that can result in facial nerve palsy?
Lovely Bella Had An STD
| lames disease, bells palsy, HSV/zoster, AIDS, sarcoidosis, tumors, DM
71
left nucleus ambiguus receives input from?
right corticobulbar tract
right motor cortex
72
corticospinal tract decussates?
caudal medulla
73
dorsal column - medial lemniscal pathway decussates?
medulla
74
lateral STT decussats?
anterior white commissure
75
what are the 4 midline structures of the brainstem starting with M?
motor pathway
medial lemniscus (dorsal path)
medial longitudinal fasciculus (controls eyes)
motor CN nuc divisible by 12 3, 4, 6, 12
76
4 lateral structures of the brain stem starting with S?
spinocerebellar tract
spinothalamic tract
sensory nun of 5
sympathetic pathway
77
anterior nucleus
| ant hypothal
thermoregulation
78
suprachiasmatic nucleus
| ant hypothal
circadian rhythms
79
pre optic area
| ant hypothal
sec GnRH--> LH and FSH stim
80
supraoptic nuc
| ant hypothal
sec ADH
81
paraventricular nuc
| ant hypothal
sec oxytocin, CRH, TRH
82
arcuate nuc
| tuberal hypothal
sec GHRH, dopamine, GnRH, regulates appetite
83
lateral
| tuberal hypothal
regulates hunger
| inhibited by leptin
84
ventromedial
| tuberal hypothal
regulates satiety
| stim by leptin
85
dorsomedial
| tuberal hypothal
regulates hunger
86
posterior
| posterior hypothal
thermoregulatoin
87
mamillary
| posterior hypothal
memory
88
subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging vein
89
epidural hematoma
younger, talk and die, trauma--> middle meningeal artery
90
bloody SCF on Lumbar puncture?
subarach hemm
91
tuberous sclerosis triad
seizures, mental retardation, angiofibromas
92
tuberous sclerosis associated with what tumors?
angiomyolipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma, astrocytoma
93
which anti-epileptics are teratogens?
phenytoin, carbamazepine, val acid
94
what drugs cause SJS?
ethosux, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital
sulfonamides, penicillin, allopurinol
95
what drugs cause agranulocytosis?
carbamazepine, clozpine, cocicine, PTU, methimazole
96
drugs that induce cyp?
```
chronic alcs Steal Phen Phen and Never Refuse Greasy Carbs
chronic alc
st johns wort
phenytoin
phenobarbital
Nevirapine
rifampin
griseofulvin
carbamazepine
```
97
what nucleus regulates the sympathetic NS?
anterior hypothal
98
what nucleus regulates the parasympathetic NS?
posterior hypothal
99
oligodendroglia myelinate?
multiple axons
| CNS
100
schwann cells myelinate?
only 1 axon
| PNS
101
3 most common brain tumors in adults?
MGM Studios: mets
1. glioblastoma
2. meningioma
3. schwannoma
102
EKG waveforms for stages of sleep?
stage 1: theta
2: sleep spindles, k complex
3: delta, low freq, hi amplitude
REM: beta
103
what drugs shorten N3 sleep?
benzos
TCA
imiprimine
