Dissection 7/8

Question 1

Name the joints of the foot

Answer 1

Subtalar joint
Midtarsal joint 
Tarsometatarsal 
Metatarsalphalangeal (MTP) 
Interphalangeal

Question 2

What are the 2 midtarsal joints?

What type of joint are they and what movements do they allow?

Answer 2

Calcaneocuboid & Talocalcaneonavicular
Synovial joints
Inversion (produced by tibialis anterior and posterior)
Eversion (Produced by fibularis muscles)

Question 3

What type of joints are the MTPs?

What movements do they allow?

Answer 3

Synovial

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction of digits

Question 4

What are the arches of the foot supported by?

Answer 4

Plantar apneurosis and plantar ligaments

Question 5

Medial Longitudinal arch:
What bones is it made from?
What is it supported by?

Answer 5

Calcaneous, Talus, Navicular, 3 cuneiforms & metatarsals 1-3
Supported by...
Flexor hallucis longus
Attachments of tibialis anterior 
Attachments of fibularis longus

Question 6

Lateral longitudinal arch:
What bones is it made from?
What does it do?

Answer 6

Calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsals 4&5

Weight bearing on standing

Question 7

Transverse arch:
What bones is it made from?
What is it supported by?

Answer 7

Cuboid, cuneiform, bases of all 5 metatarsals

Supported by fibularis longus + tibialis posterior

Question 8

What are the arteries of the foot?

Answer 8

Dorsalis pedis

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 9

Describe the dorsalis pedis

Branches etc

Answer 9

A branch from anterior tibial artery
Pulse taken lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon
Branches to give the arcuate artery

Question 10

Describe medial & lateral plantar arteries

Branches etc

Answer 10

Branches off posterior tibial artery

Both contribute to deep plantar arch

Question 11

How to the digital arteries form (the smallest ones)

Answer 11

From the deep plantar arch + arcuate artery = metarsal arteries which branch to give digital arteries

Question 12

Describe the superficial veins

Answer 12

Dorsal venous arc giving rise to great (medially) and small (laterally) saphenous veins

Question 13

Describe the deep veins

Answer 13

Accompany the arteries of the foot

Drain into the anterior and posterior tibial and the fibular veins that join to form the popliteal vein

Question 14

Describe the MOTOR nerve supply to foot

Answer 14

Tibial nerve = muscles of the sole
Deep fibular = muscles of the dorsum
(Muscles of the sole & dorsum make up the 20 intrinsic muscles)

Question 15

Describe the SENSORY nerve supply to the foot for the Dorsum aspect

Answer 15

Superficial fibular nerve + deep fibular nerve supplying the first interdigital cleft
Sural nerve supplying the proximal lateral border
Saphenous nerve supplying the proximal medial border

Question 16

Describe the SENSORY nerve supply to the foot for the Plantar aspect

Answer 16

Tibial nerve to the heel and majority of sole (along with medial and lateral planter nerves)
Sural nerve supplying the proximal lateral border Saphenous nerve supplying the proximal medial border (borders as for the dorsum)

Question 17

What do the lymphatic vessels accompany

Answer 17

The great and small saphenous vein