Dissection 1

Question 1

Describe the location, boundaries and floor of femoral triangle

Answer 1

Superiorly: Inguinal ligament
Laterally: Sartorius
Medially: Adductor longus
Floor: Iliopsoas (laterally) Pectineus (medially)

Question 2

What is in the femoral triangle?

Answer 2

Femoral nerve, artery, vein and lymphatics

Question 3

What does the femoral sheath contain?

Answer 3

Femoral artery and vein - NOT the nerve

Question 4

Anatomy of femoral hernia formation?

Answer 4

Lymphatic canal contains deep inguinal lymph nodes which is where a femoral hernia forms

Question 5

Describe the Femoral nerve:
Nerve roots
Branches

Answer 5

L2-L4

The saphenous nerve & The anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Question 6

Blood supply to the head of the femur

Answer 6

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries and their retinacular branches

Question 7

Inguinal ligament:
What is it?
Where is it found?

Answer 7

It is the inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis
Runs between the anterior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

Question 8

Name the anterior thigh muscles

Answer 8

Iliopsoas
Sartorius 
Quadriceps femoris:
1. Rectus femoris 
2. Vastus lateralis 
3. Vastus intermedius 
4. Vastus medius

Question 9

Iliopsoas:
Attachments
Actions
Nerve supply

Answer 9

Proximally - Iliac fossa + Lumbar transverse processes
Distally - Lesser trochanter of femur
Flexion at hip
Anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves

Question 10

Sartorius:
Attachments
Actions
Nerve supply

Answer 10

Proximally - ASIS
Distally - Medial surface of proximal tibia
Flexion at hip + knee
Femoral nerve

Question 11

Quadriceps femoris:
Attachments
Actions
Nerve supply

Answer 11

Proximally - Shaft of femur 
(EXCEPT  Rectus femoris - ASIS)
Distally - Patella and Tibial tuberosity 
Extension of knee 
Femoral nerve

Question 12

What is the knee jerk action

Answer 12

A deep tendon reflex done by striking the patellar ligament with a tendon hammer to suggest a sudden stretch of the quadriceps muscle
+ve test = GOOD and confirms function of the muscle, nerve supply (femoral nerve) & spinal cord connections

Question 13

What do the muscles of the medial thigh do?

Answer 13

Adduct the hip

Question 14

Name the muscles of the medial thigh

Answer 14

Gracilis
Adductors brevis, longus, magnus
(Adductor magnus has a adductor part and hamstring part)

Question 15

What is a special feature of the gracilis muscle?

Answer 15

It is the only hamstring to cross the knee joint in addition to the hip joint

Question 16

Proximal attachments of the medial muscles?

Answer 16

Pubis & Ischiopubic ramus 
Ischial tuberosity (hamstring part of adductor magnus)

Question 17

Distal attachments of the medial muscles

Answer 17

Posterior surface of the shaft of the femur along linea aspera
Adductor tubercle of the tibia (adductor part of adductor magnus)

Question 18

Nerve supply to medial thigh muscles

Answer 18

Obturator nerve (L2-L4) 
Tibial nerve (ONLY the hamstring part of the adductor magnus)

Question 19

Give the route of lymph following the great saphenous vein

Answer 19

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes < External iliac nodes OR Deep inguinal nodes < External iliac nodes

Question 20

Give the route of lymph following the small saphenous vein

Answer 20

Popliteal lymph nodes < Deep inguinal nodes < External iliac nodes

Question 21

Route of obturator nerve & it’s branches

Answer 21

Obturator nerve, artery and vein enter medial compartment via the obturator foramen of the hip bone
Divides into anterior and posterior branches

Question 22

Where can the anterior branch of the obturator nerve be found?

Answer 22

Between adductors longus and brevis in the superior part of the medial compartment