Disruptive Behavior Disorders, PDD, and Mental Retardation

Question 1

autism spectrum disorders

Answer 1

neurological disorders characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development (social interaction and communication). some examples are Autistic Disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Rett’s Disorder

Question 2

autism

Answer 2

abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication. restricted repertoire of interests. manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on developmental level and age of individual

Question 3

characteristics of autism

Answer 3

doesnt babble or coo by 1 year, doesnt gesture by 1 year, doesnt say single words by 16 months or 2 word phrases by 24 months. loss of any language or social skill at any age. no pretend play or pointing at objects, no interest in other kids, no social game enjoyment. needs sameness and routines. repeating words or phrases, prefers to be alone, tantrums, self injury, inappropriate attachments to objects

Question 4

assessment of autism

Answer 4

no medical tests. accurate diagnosis is based on observation of individual’s communication, behavior, and developmental levels.

Question 5

treatment of autism symptoms

Answer 5

discrete trial instruction is most effective method of acquiring new behavior. reinforcement based treatments are most effective for decreasing problematic behavior. antispychotic meds and stimulants are commonly prescribed.

Question 6

Diagnosis of intellectual disability

Answer 6

subaverage intellectual functioning (IQ below 70)
deficits in adaptive functioning: 2 or more (communications, self care, social skills, self direction, academics, work, safety)
onset before age 18

Question 7

mild intellectual disability

Answer 7

IQ 50-70. most common ID. similar to non-ID kids for first few years of life. achieve 6th grade academic level. can support self with minimal supervision

Question 8

moderate intellectual disability

Answer 8

IQ 35-55. academic level of a 2nd grader. benefit from extensive social and vocational training. can perform unskilled or semiskilled tasks under supervision

Question 9

severe intellectual disability

Answer 9

IQ 20-40. can acquire some basic self help skills. can learn to count or read. can perform simple tasks under close supervision. require assistance for most activities and daily life

Question 10

profound intellectual disability

Answer 10

IQ below 25. may have difficulty with simple tasks even under supervision. need significant training to develop skills. function best in highly structured settings

Question 11

ID etiology

Answer 11

twice as common in males. lack of age appropriate interest in activities is a sign

Question 12

causes of intellectual disability

Answer 12

cause unknown in 30-40% of cases. 30% due to chromosomal abnormalities. 15-20% due to environment or mental disorders. 10% due to probs in pregnancy. 5% due to hereditary. 5% due to medical conditions (lead poisoning)

Question 13

challenging behavior in autism

Answer 13

repetitive behaviors are considered an essential feature of autism. many children with autism display challenging behaviors that are considered an associated feature of the disorder (self injury, pica)

Question 14

negative consequences of self injuring behavior

Answer 14

social isolation, impact on education/vocation, tissue damage, infection, blindness

Question 15

negative consequences of destructive behavior

Answer 15

often less obvious than those with SIB. property destruction, aggression, social isolation, educational /vocational impairment, exposure to harmful objects, tissue damage

Question 16

Pica

Answer 16

ingestion of inedible objects, unsanitary ingestion of edible objects. occurs in 25% of people with developmental disabilities

Question 17

destructive behavior

Answer 17

acts in which an individual physically harms another person or the immediate environment

Question 18

rate of meds use as you get older

Answer 18

use of meds in autism increases as age increases

Question 19

behavioral treatment

Answer 19

focuses on identifying and modifying the environmental correlates of problem behavior. process of functional behavior assessment. shown to be effective. treatment is expensive and rare. involves data collection